Database guide last
updated May 08, 2024

Copyright 2024,
Wolters Kluwer Health

Biological Abstracts® encompasses the entire field of life sciences and provides comprehensive coverage of the world’s published biological and biomedical research. This includes traditional areas of biology, such as botany, zoology and microbiology, as well as experimental, clinical and veterinary medicine, biotechnology, environmental studies, and agriculture. Interdisciplinary fields such as biochemistry, biophysics and bioengineering are also included. More than 6.500 serials are monitored for inclusion. The database also includes short communications such as technical notes and letters. Abstracts are provided for full-length articles.

The Biological Abstracts® database includes content of the print publication from 1969 to present and is updated six times a year.

Controlled Vocabulary

The Controlled Vocabulary (Authority File) contains lists of the controlled vocabulary terms used in BIOSIS Previews, Biological Abstracts and Biological Abstracts/RRM databases from 1993 forward. In most implementations of the databases, controlled vocabulary terms are accompanied by information including Broader and Narrower Terms, Related Terms, Used For Terms, and Scope Notes.

The BIOSIS segmentation changes each calendar year, due to special considerations for this database. Contact Ovid Support for segmentation information for your jumpstarts.

The limit of databases that you can select for a multifile search session is based upon database segments rather than actual databases. The Ovid multifile segment limit is set at 120 to avoid impacting your search sessions. Until 2024, your Biological Abstracts subscription will not amount to more than 43 segments.

This database is updated online bi-monthly.

The Abstract (AB) field contains the abstract text as provided by the author of the source document. BIOSIS editors provide abstract text for book main citations, those which describe the book as a whole, and for meeting summary and main cite items, which describe the meeting as a whole. Abstract coverage begins in 1976.

The Author E-Mail (AE) index contains e-mail addresses of the source document authors. Each e-mail address element is placed into the index separately, so your search should include as many elements as possible (for example, jane, smith, villanova, and edu). Author E-Mail information displays in the Author (AU) field.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

Use All Searchable Fields (AF) to search simultaneously in all fields in this list.

The Accession Number (AN) index contains a unique identifying number for each item. The Accession Number is composed of three elements: a product identification code, product year, and an item number, as in BACDYYYYnnnnnnnn.

The Author/Editor/Inventor (AU) index contains the author's name or organization responsible for the source document. The role and e-mail information for the authors are not present in the index but display in the record.

The format for authors is last name followed by one or more initials: Smith James or Smith J. Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name (macdonald or mcdonald), enter one version and then scroll through the list of names to find the other.

The Biosystematic Codes (BC) index contains the BIOSIS Biosystematic Code for an organism(s) and the corresponding organism classifier discussed in the source document. The Biosystematic Code will be presented in brackets ([]) followed by the organism classifier. The classifier may also be followed by new taxon, which identifies when new taxa are discussed in the source item.

You can search Biosystematic Codes by name or code; you can also add "new taxon" to each (for example, muridae new taxon.bc. or 86375 new taxon.bc.).

The Book Author/Editor (BE) index contains the author's name or an individual organization responsible for the source book. The role of the author is not present in the index but displays in the record. Book Author/Editor coverage begins in 1993.

The format for authors is last name followed by first name or initials: Smith James or Smith J. Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name (macdonald or mcdonald) enter one version, then scroll through the list of names to find the other. This field displays in the Source (SO) field.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Original Language Book Title (non-English) (BO) index contains the non-English title and subtitle of a book. This field does not appear if the source book was published in English or, in the case of titles published in multiple languages, the English language version is the one processed by BIOSIS. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

Original Language Book Tiltle coverage begins in 1993.

The Book Title (English) (BT) index contains the English-language version of the book title and subtitle. Literalizations are substituted for special characters and symbols. If the Book Title is the result of a BIOSIS translation of a non-English title it appears in square brackets ([]). This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The BIOSIS Update (BU) index contains the day the item was originally produced by BIOSIS. For items produced 1969 - 1997, BIOSIS Update contains only the year of production. For items produced from 1998 and later, BIOSIS Update contains the month, day, and year of production.

This field displays as part of the Update Code (UP) field.

The Chemicals & Biochemicals (CB) field contains the name of a chemical or biochemical which is described in the source. Each Chemical/Biochemical name could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example if the source data is: p38 kinase: 165245-96-5, regulation you can search the phrase "p38 kinase.cb." or "p38 kinase regulation.cb." to ensure that the modifier "regulation" refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.

The Chemical Role is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Chemical Role in the tool.

Chemicals and Biochemicals coverage begins in 1993.

The Concept Codes (CC) index contains the five-digit numeric code as well as the code expansions used to represent BIOSIS indexing categories.

You can search Concept Codes by either code or expansion, for example, Behavioral Biology Human behavior.cc. or 07004.cc.

Note that concept code groups are routinely uploaded to the first three digits. Entering the first few letters of the full heading or the first few digits of the code in the index is a particularly effective way to search Concept Codes.

Concept Codes are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Concept Codes in the tool.

The Chemical Information (CI) index contains Chemicals & Biochemicals (CB), Gene Name (GN), and Sequence Data (SQ). This is an alias index.

The Patent Class (CL) index contains the class and subclass numbers of the United States Patent Classification Scheme that has been assigned to the source patent by the US Patent Office. Patent Class coverage begins in 1986.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Country (CY) index contains the corresponding author's country taken from the postal address. In some cases abbreviations are used, for example: USA. Country coverage begins in 1978.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Date Granted (DG) index contains the date found on the cover of the issue of the Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office from which the source patent was taken. The month will be abbreviated for citations published before 2001. Date Granted coverage begins in 1986.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The DOI (DO) field contains the record's Digital Object Identifier.

The Date of Publication (DP) field contains the issue year of the journal. Date of Publication is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Diseases (DS) index contains the name of a plant, animal, or human disease, disorder, or pathological condition as discussed in the source document. Each Disease could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

The Disease affiliations are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Disease Modifiers in the tool. Disease coverage begins in 1998.

The Geopolitical Locations (GE) index describes a location or place mentioned in the source document. Each Geopolitical Location could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example if the source data is: Edmonton: Alberta, Canada, North America, Nearctic region you can search the phrase edmonton.ge. or edmonton canada.ge. to ensure that the modifier "canada" refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.

The Geopolitical Terms and Zoogeographical Regions are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Geographic Classifiers in the tool. Geopolitical Locations coverage begins in 1993.

The Gene Name (GN) index contains the name of a gene, gene family or loci as well as the organism classifier within square brackets ([]), as described in the source document. Each Gene Name could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example if the source data is: human ABO gene [Hominidae]: A-1 allele, A-2 allele, B allele, O-1 allele, O-2 allele you can search the phrase human ABO gene.gn. or human ABO gene hominidae A-1 allele.gn. to ensure that the modifier "A-1 allele" refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.

Gene Name coverage begins in 2001.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every Subject field that includes a particular word or phrase. You may do this by searching the word or phrase word in the Heading Word (HW) field.

Heading Word includes the fields:

Stopwords, which include commonly occurring words such as "of" and "the" will not be indexed. All valid terms in the tool are also included.

The ISBN (IB) index contains the International Standard Book Number that was assigned to the source book or book series by the publisher; it may also contain an indication of which edition of the book the ISBN was assigned to: hardcover, cloth, paperback, and so on.

ISBN coverage begins in 1980.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Institution (IN) index contains the postal address of the corresponding author of the source document, identified by 'Reprint Author.' The Institution is in the language of the source document, and may include the following information: department name or corporate division, institution or organization name, street address, city, town, country, state or province, zip code or postal code, and country. Institution coverage begins in 1978. The information is taken from the source document and is not standardized. Enter the single most descriptive word in an institution (harvard, not university). Consider both full spellings and abbreviations.

The Issue (IP) index contains the number of the issue of a serial publication of the source item. Supplement information will also appear here when applicable. The IP field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The ISSN (IS) index contains the International Standard Serial Number assigned to the serial or series title of the source item. The ISSN is nine characters, two sets of numeric characters separated by a hyphen. The ISSN may be followed by a parenthetical note, indicating the edition to which it refers.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Item URL (IU) field contains the URL address for an item. The format is highly variable, but follows the Internet-common practice for URLs. Item URL coverage begins in 1998.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Journal URL (JL) field contains the URL address from which a serial publication may be obtained. The format is highly variable, but follows the Internet-common practice for URLs.

Journal URL coverage begins in 1998.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Journal Name (JN) index contains the title of the serial publication of which the source item appears. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

Stopwords such as "of" are included in the JN index, but when "the" is the first word of a journal, it is stripped.

The Journal Word (JX) index contains individual words from every journal name. This field can be used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a particularly distinctive word or phrase, such as "forestry." "Archives of Internal Medicine.jx." will retrieve both the "Archives of Internal Medicine" and the "Japanese Archives of Internal Medicine." A single heavily posted word, such as "journal" will search slowly. Therefore, include such a word within a phrase from the title, when appropriate. For example, if you are looking for a title with "pharmaceutical journal," enter the phrase in one search statement rather than searching "journal" and then "pharmaceutical" and then combining the two. The JX index is not available on the Microsoft Windows NT platform.

Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included.

The Languages (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of an article. This field may contain up to 10 language names. Use "Display Index(es)" to determine a language's three-letter short-code.

Language coverage begins in 1978.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by your Ovid System administrator to indicate holdings information about journals held in your library or institution.

The Literature Type (LT) index contains one or more terms which describe the type of content of the source document.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Major Concepts (MC) index indicates the broad subject area discussed in the source item. Terms following the colon indicate the broader subject areas.

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example if the source data is: Allergy: Clinical Immunology, Human Medicine, Medical Sciences you can search the phrase allergy.mc. or allergy medical sciences.mc. to ensure that the modifier "medical sciences" refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.

Major Concepts are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Major Concept Terms in the tool.

The Meeting Information (MF) index contains the title, location, date or date range of a scientific meeting or conference described in the item or from which the item was taken.

Meeting Title coverage begins in 1969; Location and Date coverage begins in 1993.

The Miscellaneous Descriptors (MI) field contains terms and phrases or names taken from the source document. Qualifiers may also be listed after the colon. These entries are not specific to any of the other index lists. Records from 1969 - 1992 contain all indexing terms in a single upper case entry.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Methods & Equipment (MQ) index contains terms describing a method, apparatus or scientific technique discussed in the source document. Each term could be followed by one of more of the following modifiers:

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example if the source data is: cryopreservation: preservation method, efficacy, clinical trial, preservation you can search the phrase "cryopreservation".mq. or "cryopreservation efficacy".mq. to ensure that the modifier "efficacy" refers to the term of interest.

The geopolitical terms and zoogeographic regions are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Geographic Classifiers in the tool.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Organisms (OR) index contains the name of an organism as given by the author(s) of the source document. Each organism name could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example if the source data is: Sprague-Dawley rat: adult, male [Muridae] You can search the phrase "sprague-dawley rat.or." or "sprague-dawley rat male.or." to ensure that the modifier "male" refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search. Organisms coverage begins in 1993.

Taxonomic levels are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Type of Name, Organism New Taxon is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary New Taxon Modifiers, Developmental Stages are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Developmental Stage, Organism Role is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Organism Role, Fossil Indicator is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Fossil Modifiers and Gender is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Gender in the tool.

The Original Title (non-English) (OT) field contains the non-English title of an item (both main and subtitles), and is primarily used for books. This field is optional for all item types and will not appear if the source document was written in English. Literalizations are substituted for special characters and symbols. The title appears in upper and lower case with natural-language punctuation and ends with a period, question mark, parentheses, brackets, or exclamation point. The title may be transliterated and, therefore, may include one or more embedded double quotation marks. This occurs most often in Bulgarian transliterated titles.

Original Title (non-English) coverage begins in 1998.

The Patent Assignee (PA) field contains the name of the person or organization to whom the rights to the patent have been assigned. This field is optional for patents. The data appears in upper and lower case, and lists the name of the assignee, the assignee's city, and the assignee's country when available.

Patent Assignee coverage begins in 1986.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Patent Country (PC) index contains the name of the country in which the patent was granted.

Patent Country coverage begins in 1986.

The Pagination (PG) index contains the total or inclusive pagination for the source document.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Publisher Information (PI) index contains the name and address of the publisher who produced the source book. The information is not standardized. Enter the single most descriptive word in an institution (heart not association). Consider both full spellings and abbreviations.

Publisher Information coverage begins in 1993.

Publisher Information is available in the Biological Abstracts Archive.

The Patent Number (PN) index contains an abbreviation indicating the patent granting country followed by the patent number assigned by the granting agency.

Patent Number coverage begins in 1986.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms (PS) field contains components of organisms above the macromolecular level as discussed in the source document. Each Part, Structure and System of Organisms could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example if the source data is: gastrocnemius muscle: muscular system, ultrastructure You can search the phrase "gastrocnemius muscle.ps." or "gastrocnemius muscle ultrastructure.ps." to ensure that the modifier "ultrastructure" refers to the term of interest. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase (as above) to ensure the accuracy of your search.

The Organ Systems are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Organ System Modifiers in the tool.

Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms coverage begins in 1998.

The Publication Type (PT) index contains one or more terms used to describe the type of the source document.

The Registry Numbers (RN) index contains five-to-nine-digit CAS Registry Number's (R) and chemical names for the chemicals discussed in the source document. Beginning in 1993 the Registry Numbers will display with their main terms, either in the Chemicals and Biochemicals (CB) field or the Sequence Data (SQ) field.

The Record Owner (RO) field indicates the original producer of the item or the current copyright holder.

The Series ISBN (SB) field contains the International Standard Book Number that was assigned to the book series.

Series ISBN coverage begins in 1980.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Serials Title (SE) contains the name of the series that the book or item was issued as part of. The Series Title is indexed under Title (TI) and displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Series ISSN (SI) field contains the International Standard Serial Number assigned to the series. The ISSN is nine characters, two sets of numeric characters separated by a hyphen.

Series ISSN coverage begins in 1980.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the full Journal Name (JN), Book Title (BT) or Monograph Publisher, the Volume (VO), Issue (IP), Pagination (PG), Date of Publication (DP), Book Author/Editor (BE), Original Language Book Title (BO), and Year of Publication (YR). The Source field also displays the Series Title (SE) and Series Volume (SV) information.

The Meeting Sponsor (SP) index contains the name of an organization that supported or funded the scientific meeting.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Sequence Data (SQ) index contains an accession number for a molecular sequence as assigned by a databank and as cited in the source document. Each Sequence Data number could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being index separately. You can search for individual terms or search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example if the source data is: AF006664: DDBJ, EMBL, GenBank, 194330-44-4, amino acid sequence, nucleotide sequence you can search the phrase "af006664".sq. or "af006664 amino acid sequence".sq. You can search the modifiers separately, or search a term and modifier as a phrase to ensure that the modifier "amino acid sequence" refers to the term of interest.

Sequence Detail is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Sequence Type Modifiers in the tool.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Super Taxa (ST) index contains the organism classifier and corresponding BIOSIS Biosystematic Code followed by the high-level taxonomic terms. This permits retrieval of items that refer to broad categories of organisms, including microorganisms. Super Taxa are presented in order from lowest level taxa to highest.

The Super Taxa is searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Super Taxa Terms in the tool.

The Series Volume (SV) field contains the volume number or other sequential designation of the source book. The Series Volume field is indexed under Volume (VO) and displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Title (TI) index contains the English-language title that is described within the citation. Literalizations are substituted for special characters and symbols, such as 'alpha' for Greek letter alpha and 'fwdarw' for a forward arrow.

Stopwords such as "of" or "the" display in documents but do not appear in the TI index. However, the word "a," which is a stopword in other fields, CAN be searched in titles.

The Time (TM) index contains a geological time period or era mentioned in the source document. Each geological time period could be followed by one or more of the following modifiers:

The modifiers are individually added to the terms to create phrases, as well as being indexed separately. You can search for individual terms of search for terms and modifiers as phrases.

For example if the source data is: Quaternary: Cenozoic you can search the phrase "quaternary".tm. or "quaternary cenozoic".tm. to ensure that the modifier "cenozoic" refers to the term of interest.

The Geologic Time Classifiers are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Geologic Time Classifier in the tool.

Time coverage begins in 1993.

The Taxa Notes (TN) index contains the organism classifier followed by common names of broad groups of organisms and microorganisms discussed in the source document.

The Taxa Notes are searchable by means of the Controlled Vocabulary Taxa Note Terms in the tool.

The Textword (TW) index includes all of the fields in a database which contain text words and are appropriate for a subject search.

The Textword index includes Abstract (AB), Heading Words (HW), Miscellaneous Descriptors (MI), Methods & Equipment (MQ), Sequence Data (SQ), and Title (TI).

The URL (UR) index contains all the electronic URL address present in the Journal URL (JL) and Item URL (IU) fields. The format is highly variable, but follows the Internet-common practice for URLs.

Note: this field is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

The Update Code (UP) field contains a six-digit number indicating the year and week of the update. The format is YYYYWW, where WW indicates the week in which the document was added. For example, 200316 signifies the 16th week of 2003.

The Volume (VO) index contains the volume number or other sequential designation of the serial publication of the source item. This index also includes the Series Volume information. Volume is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Year of Publication (YR) index contains the publication year as it appears within the source document.

The Ovid search engine applies so called "run-time stopword processing". This means the search engine on the fly ignores the stopwords: and, as, by, for, from, in, is, of, on, that, the, this, to, was, were & with.

Therefore a search: at risk for diabetes.ti will also find: at risk of diabetes. The distance of one word in between is kept, but the stopword "for" is ignored.

A limit to Continent will restrict retrieval to one or more of the seven continents. Continent limits limits work on all records from 1993 forward. Some records before 1993 also work with this limit.

Note: this limit is available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Country will restrict retrieval to one or more of over 175 countries. Country limits are only valid on records from 1993 forward.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Developmental Stage will present a list of developmental stages. Developmental Stages limits are only valid on records from 2003 forward.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Disease will present a list of diseases to choose from. Disease limits limits work on all records from 1998 forward. Some records before 1998 also work with this limit.

Note: this limit is available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to English will restrict retrieval to articles which are written in the English language. Articles exclusively in foreign languages with English abstracts will be eliminated by a limit to English. By limiting to English Language you will also be restricting your search to records from 1978 to the present.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Fossil will restrict retrieval to fossils, and is only valid from 2003 forward.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Full Text will restrict retrieval to those citations for which there is a full text link. Both Ovid full text and external full text are included in this limit.

A limit to Gender will present a list of gender values. Gender limits are only valid on records from 2003 forward.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Geopolitical Region will present a list of regions to choose from. Geopolitical Region limits limits work on all records from 1993 forward. Some records before 1993 also work with this limit.

Note: this limit is available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Language will restrict retrieval to any of the languages indexed by BIOSIS. If you choose this option, you will be presented with an alphabetic list of languages from which to select. Language limits are only valid for records from 1978 forward.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit by Literature Type will restrict retrieval to specific literature types such as Bibliography, Nomenclature, and Taxonomic Key. If you select this limit, you will be presented with a list of literature types from which to choose.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to New Taxa will restrict retrieval to all source documents in which new taxa are discussed.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit by New Taxon Modifiers will present a list of new taxa to choose from. New Taxon limits are only valid on records from 2003 forward. To limit the full coverage of the database to new taxa, use the limit to New Taxa.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Oceans and Bodies of Water will present a list of major oceans, seas and gulfs. Oceans and Bodies of Water limits work on all records from 1993 forward. Some records before 1993 also work with this limit.

Note: this limit is available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to an Organ System will present a list of organ systems. Organ System limits are only valid on records from 1998 forward.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Organism Role will present a list of organism roles. Organism Role limits are only valid on records from 2003 forward.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Review Articles will restrict retrieval to documents which include literature reviews, software reviews, and taxonomic reviews.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Sequence Data will restrict retrieval to either Amino Acid Sequence or Nucleotide Sequence. Sequence Data limits are only valid on records from 1989 forward.

Note: this limit is not available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to States, Provinces, and Territories will present a list of each state, territory, district, and province in the United States, Canada and Australia. States, Provinces, and Territories limits work on all records from 1993 forward. Some records before 1993 also work with this limit.

Note: this limit is available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

A limit to Type of Name will present a list of organism taxonomic levels. Type of Name limits work on all records from 2003 forward. Some records before 2003 also work with this limit.

Note: this limit is available in the Biological Abstracts® Archive.

• Permuted Index
• Scope Notes
• Explode
• Tree

If you are unsure of what term to use, or if the search term you are using doesn't work, you can use one of these terms to enter the tree:

Major Concepts		Gender		Sequence Data
Super Taxa		Taxa Notes		Geopolitical Locations
New Taxon Modifiers		Parts, Structures, and Systems		Geologic Time
Fossil Modifiers		Diseases		Methods and Equipment
Type of Name		Chemicals and Biochemicals		Concept Codes
Developmental Stage		Drug Modifiers
Organism Role		Chemical Role

Click on this link to see other Advanced Search Techniques

Accession Number
  BACD201100040713
Record Owner
  Copyright 2018 Clarivate Analytics (US) LLC.
Author/Editor/Inventor
  Konradi, Christine [Author, Reprint Author; E-mail: [email protected]]; Zimmerman, Eric I. [Author]; 
  Yang, Kevin [Author]; Lohmann, Kathryn M. [Author]; Gresch, Paul [Author]; Pantazopoulos, Harry [Author]; 
  Berretta, Sabina [Author]; Heckers, Stephan [Author].
Institution
  Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pharmacol, MRB 3,Room 8160A,465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
Country
  USA
Title
  Hippocampal Interneurons in Bipolar Disorder
Source
  Archives of General Psychiatry. 67(12). DEC 2010.
Publication Type
  Article.
ISSN
  0003-990X(print); 1538-3636(electronic)
Concept Codes
  [02506] Cytology - Animal
  [02508] Cytology - Human
  [07004] Behavioral biology - Human behavior
  [10062] Biochemistry studies - Nucleic acids, purines and pyrimidines
  [10064] Biochemistry studies - Proteins, peptides and amino acids
  [12504] Pathology - Diagnostic
  [17020] Endocrine - Neuroendocrinology
  [20504] Nervous system - Physiology and biochemistry
  [20506] Nervous system - Pathology
  [21002] Psychiatry - Psychopathology, psychodynamics and therapy
  [24500] Gerontology
  [25000] Pediatrics
  [34502] Immunology - General and methods
Language
  English
Abstract
  Context: Postmortem studies have reported decreased density and decreased gene expression of hippocampal interneurons in bipolar disorder, 
  but neuroimaging studies of hippocampal volume and function have been inconclusive.Objective: To assess hippocampal volume, neuron number, 
  and interneurons in the same specimens of subjects with bipolar disorder and healthy control subjects.Design: Whole human hippocampi of 14 subjects 
  with bipolar disorder and 18 healthy control subjects were cut at 2.5-mm intervals and sections from each tissue block were either Nissl-stained or 
  stained with antibodies against somatostatin or parvalbumin. Messenger RNA was extracted from fixed tissue and real-time quantitative polymerase 
  chain reaction was performed.Setting: Basic research laboratories at Vanderbilt University and McLean Hospital.Samples: Brain specimens from the 
  Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center at McLean Hospital.Main Outcome Measures: Volume of pyramidal and nonpyramidal cell layers, overall neuron number 
  and size, number of somatostatin-and parvalbumin-positive interneurons, and messenger RNA levels of somatostatin, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid 
  decarboxylase 1.Results: The 2 groups did not differ in the total number of hippocampal neurons, but the bipolar disorder group showed reduced volume 
  of the nonpyramidal cell layers, reduced somal volume in cornu ammonis sector 2/3, reduced number of somatostatin-and parvalbumin-positive neurons, 
  and reduced messenger RNA levels for somatostatin, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 1.Conclusion: Our results indicate a specific alteration 
  of hippocampal interneurons in bipolar disorder, likely resulting in hippocampal dysfunction.
Major Concepts
  Neurology: Human Medicine, Medical Sciences; Psychiatry: Human Medicine, Medical Sciences
Biosystematic Codes
  [86215] Hominidae
Super Taxa
  [86215] Hominidae, Primates, Mammalia, Vertebrata, Chordata, Animalia
Taxa Notes
  Hominidae: Animals, Chordates, Humans, Mammals, Primates, Vertebrates
Organisms
  human: common, adolescent, aged, aged/80 and over, middle age, adult, female, male [Hominidae]
Parts, Structure & Systems of Organisms
  neuron: nervous system; brain: nervous system; pyramidal cell: nervous system; hippocampal interneuron: nervous system; nonpyramidal cell: nervous system
Diseases
  bipolar disorder: (Bipolar Disorder (MeSH)), behavioral and mental disorders; hippocampal dysfunction: nervous system disease, diagnosis
Chemicals & Biochemicals
  antibodies; gene: expression; messenger RNA; parvalbumin; somatostatin: 51110-01-1; glutamic acid decarboxylase-1
Geopolitical Locations
  Arava Desert: Israel, Asia, Palearctic region; Israel: Asia, Palearctic region; 
  Negev Desert: Israel, Asia, Palearctic region
Methods & Equipment
  neuroimaging: clinical techniques, diagnostic techniques; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction: laboratory techniques, 
  genetic techniques; Nissl staining: laboratory techniques
Miscellaneous Descriptors
  hippocampal volume; hippocampal function; postmortem study
Year of Publication
  2010
Update Code
  201103. BIOSIS Update: 20110118.
              

Accession Number
  BACD201100001647
Record Owner
  Copyright 2018 Clarivate Analytics (US) LLC.
Author/Editor/Inventor
  Gearhart, Patricia M. [Author]; Gearhart, Chris [Author]; Thompson, Debra A. [Author]; Petersen-Jones, Simon M. 
  [Author, Reprint Author; E-mail: [email protected]].
Institution
  Michigan State Univ, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Vet Med Ctr D 208, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Country
  USA
Title
  Improvement of Visual Performance With Intravitreal Administration of 9-cis-Retinal in Rpe65-Mutant Dogs
Source
  Archives of Ophthalmology. 128(11). NOV 2010. 1442-1448.
Publication Type
  Article.
ISSN
  0003-9950(print); 1538-3601(electronic)
Concept Codes
  [03502] Genetics - General
  [03506] Genetics - Animal
  [12512] Pathology - Therapy
  [20004] Sense organs - Physiology and biochemistry
  [22002] Pharmacology - General
  [22031] Pharmacology - Sense organs, associated structures and functions
Language
  English
Abstract
  Objective: To determine the efficacy of intravitreal administration of 9-cis-retinal in restoring visual function in Rpe65-mutant dogs.
  Methods: Intravitreal injection of 9-cis-retinal was administered in 1 eye of 7 Rpe65-/- dogs at a range of ages. 
  Electroretinogram analysis and testing of visual performance was used to evaluate outcomes after a single injection and in 2 dogs after a 
  second injection in the same eye.Results: In 5 of 7 injected dogs, 9-cis-retinal injection resulted in increased rod electroretinogram 
  responses and improved functional vision. Three injected dogs exhibited increased 33-Hz flicker amplitudes characteristic of cone-mediated responses.
  Electroretinogram improvement was no longer evident by week 10 postinjection in 1 dog monitored over time. A second injection of 9-cis-retinal 
  was performed in the same eye of 2 of the 7 dogs and also resulted in rescue of visual function.Conclusion: Our findings establish that 9-cis-retinoid 
  therapy can restore visual function in a canine model of human disease resulting from RPE65 mutations.Clinical Relevance: These positive proof-of-principle 
  results provide support for the development of intravitreal devices for sustained delivery of 9-cis-retinal as a therapy for conditions resulting 
  from failure of the visual cycle.
Major Concepts
  Pharmacology; Molecular Genetics: Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Sense Organs: Sensory Reception
Biosystematic Codes
  [85765] Canidae
Super Taxa
  [85765] Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia, Vertebrata, Chordata, Animalia
Taxa Notes  
  Canidae: Animals, Carnivores, Chordates, Mammals, Nonhuman Vertebrates, Nonhuman Mammals, Vertebrates
Organisms
  dog: common, female, male [Canidae]
Parts, Structures & Systems of Organisms
  eye: sensory system
Chemicals & Biochemicals
  9-cis-retinal: 514-85-2, ophthalmic-drug, efficacy, intravitreal administration
Gene Name
  dog RPE65 gene [Canidae]: mutant
Methods & Equipment
  electroretinogram analysis: clinical techniques, diagnostic techniques
Miscellaneous Descriptors
  visual function
Digital Object Identifier
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archphthalml.2010.210
Year of Publication
  2010
Update Code
  201101. BIOSIS Update: 20101214.
              

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