Health Technology Assessment Database Guide
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Produced by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), the Health Technology Assessment database brings together details on ongoing health technology assessments (studies of the medical, social, ethical, and economic implications of healthcare interventions).

HTA is produced in collaboration with the INAHTA Secretariat, based at SBU, Sweden. The database contains records of ongoing projects being conducted by members of INAHTA as well as publications reporting completed technology assessments carried out by INAHTA members and other health technology assessment organizations.

The abstracts in the database are descriptive rather than analytical and do not provide critical appraisals of the reports, as the reports have not been evaluated by reviewers from the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.

Many different types of research are included in the HTA database, including systematic reviews and ongoing and completed research based on trials, questionnaires and economic evaluations. In some cases there will be an overlap with systematic reviews in the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect (DARE) database and economic evaluations in the National Health Service Economic Evaluation (NHS EED) database.

More information on this database is available from the CRD: http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/hfaq.htm or http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/CRDWeb/

Segments and Years of Coverage
Name   Years of Coverage
CLHTA   2001-2016

The limit of databases that you can select for a multifile search session is based upon database segments rather than actual databases. The Ovid multifile segment limit is set at 120 to avoid impacting your search sessions. This database includes 1 segment.

This database is updated online quarterly.

 
Fields
The following list is sorted alphabetically by field alias. Click a field name to see the description and search information.
All Fields in this Database
  Accession Number (AN) Journal Word (JX) Reviewed Article Title (TO)
  Address for Correspondence (AD) Language (LG) Reviewed Article Volume (DV)
  Author’s Conclusions (AC) Local Holdings (LH) Reviewed Article Year of Publication (DI)
  Authors (AU) Local Messages (LM) Reviewed Source (SR)
  Author's Objective (AO) MeSH Subject Headings (SH) Source (SO)
  Catalog Holdings (XH) Product Online Date (OD) Study Design (SD)
  Copyright (CO) Publication Date (PD) Study Information (IF)
  Database Entry Date (CY) Publication Type (PT) Subject Code (SU)
  Digital Object Identifier (DO) Publisher (PB) Subject Heading Words (HW)
  Editors (ED) Record Status (ST) Summary Language (SL)
  Exploded MeSH Heading (XM) Reviewed Article Authors (AY) Text Word (TW)
  Exploded Sub-Heading (XS) Reviewed Article Issue/Part (PO) Text (TX)
  Floating Sub-Heading (FS) Reviewed Article Journal Name (SJ) Title (TI)
  ISSN (IS) Reviewed Article Journal Word (RW) Update Flag (UF)
  Issue/Part (IP) Reviewed Article Page (PR) URL for Original Research (UR)
  Journal Name (JN) Reviewed Article Publisher (RP) Year (YR)
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Default Fields for Unqualified Searches (MP): Searching for a term without specifying a field in Advanced search, or specifying .mp., defaults to the following ‘multi-purpose’ (.mp.) fields for this database:ti,ab,hw.

  Subject Heading Words (HW) Text (TX) Title (TI)
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Default Fields for Display, Print, Email, and Save: The following fields are included by default for each record.

  Accession Number (AN) Language (LG) Source (SO)
  Address for Correspondence (AD) Local Messages (LM) Study Design (SD)
  Author’s Conclusions (AC) MeSH Subject Headings (SH) Study Information (IF)
  Authors (AU) Publication Type (PT) Summary Language (SL)
  Copyright (CO) Record Status (ST) Title (TI)
  Database Entry Date (CY) Reviewed Article Publisher (RP) URL for Original Research (UR)
  Digital Object Identifier (DO) Reviewed Article Year of Publication (DI) Year (YR)
  ISSN (IS) Reviewed Source (SR)  
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All Fields for Display, Print, Email, and Save: Use the Select Fields button in the Results Manager at the bottom of the Main Search Page to choose the fields for a record.

  Accession Number (AN) Local Messages (LM) Source (SO)
  Address for Correspondence (AD) MeSH Subject Headings (SH) Study Design (SD)
  Author’s Conclusions (AC) Publication Type (PT) Study Information (IF)
  Authors (AU) Publisher (PB) Summary Language (SL)
  Copyright (CO) Record Status (ST) Title (TI)
  Database Entry Date (CY) Reviewed Article Authors (AY) URL for Original Research (UR)
  Digital Object Identifier (DO) Reviewed Article Publisher (RP) Year (YR)
  ISSN (IS) Reviewed Article Year of Publication (DI)  
  Language (LG) Reviewed Source (SR)  
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Elements of Reviewed Source (SR) Field: Ovid searches the following fields as part of the reviewed source.

  Reviewed Article Authors (AY) Reviewed Article Journal Name (SJ) Reviewed Article Volume (DV)
  Reviewed Article Book Chapter (CH) Reviewed Article Page (PR) Reviewed Article Year of Publication (DI)
  Reviewed Article Editors (ER) Reviewed Article Publisher (RP)  
  Reviewed Article Issue/Part (PO) Reviewed Article Title (TO)  
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Elements of Source (SO) Field: Ovid searches the following fields as part of the record source.

  Issue/Part (IP) Journal Word (JX) Year (YR)
  Journal Name (JN) Publisher (PB)  
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The following list is sorted alphabetically by the two-letter label, and includes the relevant alias, at least one example for all searchable fields, and a description of the field.
Label Name / Example
AC Author’s Conclusions [Word Indexed]
economic benefit.ac.
 

The Author's Conclusions (AC) field summarizes the author's conclusions about the study and its results.

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AD Address for Correspondence [Word Indexed]
zorgverzekeringen.ad.
 

The Address for Correspondence (AD) field contains the contact information associated with the authors of the document.

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AN Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]
HTA-20050616.an.
 

The Accession Number (AN) field contains a unique number which identifies a record in the Health Technology Assessment Database.  All accession numbers are preceded by the letters "HTA."

Example: HTA-20050616.an.

Additionally, if the record has been newly added since the last database update, the update flag "New" will display after the accession number. Search the Update Flag (UF) field to retrieve all of the most recently added citations: new.uf.

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AO Author's Objective [Phrase Indexed]
zyvox.ao.
  The Author's Objective (AO) field summarizes the author's objective relative to the study.
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AU Authors [Phrase Indexed]
zolnoun d.au.
 

The Author (AU) field includes the name of the group or individuals who authored the Health Technology Assessment document.

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AY Reviewed Article Authors [Phrase Indexed]
zolnoun d.ay.
 

The Reviewed Article Author (AY) field contains the names of all the authors of the article or study being reviewed. 

Type the desired author's last name, followed by a space and the initial, if known. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name, enter one version and you will be able to find the others.

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CO Copyright [Word Indexed]
University of York.co.
 

The Copyright (CO) field contains the copyright information associated with an article.

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CY Database Entry Date [Phrase Indexed]
2007.cy.
 

The Database Entry Date (CY) field contains the year in which the article was added to the database.

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DI Reviewed Article Year of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
2003.di.
 

The Reviewed Article Year of Publication (DI) field includes the year of publication of the reviewed article. 

This field displays as part of the Reviewed Source (SR) field.

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DO Digital Object Identifier [Phrase Indexed]
10.1002/14651858.do.
 

The DOI (DO) field contains the Digital Object Identifier - a unique and persistent digital identification code for any object of intellectual property.

The DOI itself consists of two parts: a prefix which is assigned to each publisher by the administrative DOI agency, for example "10.1002", and a suffix which is assigned by the pub lisher and can be any code that the publisher chooses, such as "14651858". The full DOI appears as such: "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858".

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DV Reviewed Article Volume [Word Indexed]
9.dv.
 

The Reviewed Article Volume (DV) field includes the volume of the reviewed article. This field displays as part of the Reviewed Source (SR) field.

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ED Editors [Phrase Indexed]
centre for reviews and dissemination.ed.
 

The Editor (ED) field contains the editor(s) associated with the article.

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FS Floating Sub-Heading [Phrase Indexed]
therapeutic use.fs.
 

Subheadings are qualifiers added to MeSH subject headings to refine their meaning.  Terms such as "etiology" or "therapy", when combined with a MeSH heading, give a precise idea of what an article covers.

The Floating Subheadings (FS) field contains both the 2-letter codes, such as "po" and the full headings, such as "poisoning". These are displayed following the corresponding MeSH Subject Headings.

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HW Subject Heading Words [Word Indexed]
bipolar.hw.
 

The Subject Heading Word (HW) field allows you to search for and retrieve every MeSH Subject Heading (SH) and Publication Type (PT) that includes a particular word. 

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IF Study Information [Word Indexed]
Primary prevention.if.
 

The Study Information (IF) field contains general study information such as effectiveness analyses, study population, and cost and funding information.

This field can also be searched as part of the Text (TX) field.

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IP Issue/Part [Word Indexed]
2008.ip.
 

The Issue/Part (IP) field includes the issue associated with the current Health Technology Assessment Database.  Because the nature of the database is to be continually updated, the issue associated with each abstract will change with a new release of the database.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO).

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IS ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
1465-1858.is.
 

The ISSN field (IS) contains the International Standard Serial Number for the journal in which the document was published.

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JN Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
health technology assessment database.jn.
 

The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which the article was published.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO).

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JX Journal Word [Word Indexed]
Economic.jx.
 

The Journal Word (JX) field contains individual words from every journal name. 

This field displays as part of the Source (SO).

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LG Language [Phrase Indexed]
English.lg.
 

The Language (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of the reviewed article.  The language name is fully spelled out.

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LH Local Holdings [Display Only]
 

The Local Holdings (LH) field indicates (with a "Y" or an "N") if a journal is available at your site.

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LM Local Messages [Display Only]
 

The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by the System Administrator to indicate information about journals held in your local library system.

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OD Product Online Date [Phrase Indexed]
20011201.od.
 

The Product Online Date (OD) field contains the date of the initial release of Health Technology Assessment.

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PB Publisher [Word Indexed]
Wiley.pb.
 

The Publisher (PB) field includes the publisher name for an article.

This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO).

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PD Publication Date [Word Indexed]
20080416.pd.
 

The Publication Date (PD) field contains the publication date code for the current issue of NHS-EED.

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PO Reviewed Article Issue/Part [Word Indexed]
"5".po.
 

The Reviewed Article Issue/Part (PO) field includes the issue and supplement number in which the reviewed article was published. 

This field displays as part of the Reviewed Source (SR) field.

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PR Reviewed Article Page [Word Indexed]
"3".pr.
 

The Reviewed Article Page (PR) field includes the page number of the reviewed article. 

This field displays as part of the Reviewed Source (SR) field.

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PT Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
review.pt.
 

The Publication Type (PT) field describes a document's overall form and substance in broad categories.

Enter the first few letters of the desired publication type or enter the letter "a" to view and select for the complete list of publication types.

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RP Reviewed Article Publisher [Word Indexed]
zealand.rp.
 

The Reviewed Article Publisher (RP) field includes the publisher of the reviewed article. 

This field displays as part of the Reviewed Source (SR) field.

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RW Reviewed Article Journal Word [Word Indexed]
Transfusion.rw.
 

The Reviewed Article Journal Words (RW) field contains individual words from every journal in which a reviewed article was published.

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SD Study Design [Word Indexed]
utility.sd.
 

The Study Design (SD) field is defined (for example, randomized controlled trial or cohort study) and the number of centers is stated along with the duration of follow-up of the treatment cohort. If it is an experimental study, the participant allocation method is described, for example the block randomization or stratified allocation.

The loss to follow up and reasons for withdrawals are stated along with any blinding method used for the assessment of outcomes, for example: Patient; Clinician; Assessor of patients' outcome.

This field can also be searched as part of the Text (TX) field.

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SH MeSH Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed]
Infusion Pumps.sh.
 

The MeSH Subject Headings (SH) field contains the Medical Subject Headings used by indexers at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to describe the content of an article. NLM's MeSH terms are organized in a hierarchy, or "tree" structure.

MeSH headings should be searched as they appear in the NLM MeSH books or in our Tree display.

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SJ Reviewed Article Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
york centre for reviews & dissemination crd.sj.
 

The Reviewed Article Journal Name (SJ) field contains the full name of the journal in which the Reviewed Article was published. 

This field displays as part of the Reviewed Source (SR) field.

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SL Summary Language [Phrase Indexed]
English.sl.
 

The Summary Language (SL) field contains the language or languages in which the article is written.

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SO Source [Display Only]
 

The Source (SO) field contains the bibliographic information from the Health Technology Assessment Database, including issue number, year of publication, journal name, product title, product subtitle, publisher and division.

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SR Reviewed Source [Display Only]
"2006".sr.
Alzheimer's.sr.
 

The Reviewed Source (SR) field includes the complete bibliographic citation(s) for the publication(s) being reviewed.  These references can be viewed with the citation or with the full text.

The Reviewed Source field is word indexed.  To search, enter the desired reference information, consisting of words typically found in a reference.  Consider searching for words in the document title, journal name or abbreviation, author name, page number or year.

If you know the specific type of information you are seeking (such as a document title), you may also choose to search in one of the following fields: 

Reviewed Article Authors (AY)       Reviewed Article Publisher (RP)
Reviewed Article Issue/Part (PO)   Reviewed Article Title (TO)
Reviewed Article Journal Name (SJ)   Reviewed Article Volume (DV)
Reviewed Article Page (PR)   Reviewed Article Year of Publication (DI)
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SS Study Sample [Word Indexed]
gender.ss.
 

The Study Sample (SS) field contains details of the method of sample selection, sample or trial size, power calculation, and refusal to participate. The field is used to record any sample randomization methods, evidence that the initial study sample was appropriate for the clinical study question, and if power calculations determined the sample size.

In reporting the trial/study size, the abstract writer will distinguish between the number of subjects (such as patients, doctors, or health care provider units) overall, in the intervention group, and in the control group, and the percentage of subjects invited to participate who refused. The percentage of subjects excluded for any reasons from the initial sample is also recorded.

This field can also be searched as part of the Text (TX) field.

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ST Record Status [Word Indexed]
using.st.
 

The Record Status (ST) field contains the status of the article as reported by the CRD.

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SU Subject Code [Phrase Indexed]
medicine general introductory medical sciences.su.
 

The Subject Code (SU) field contains a subject code assigned by CRD. 

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TI Title [Word Indexed]
zstatflu.ti.
 

The Title (TI) field contains the title of the Health Technology Assessment record, which generally corresponds to the title of the Reviewed Source as well.

Stopwords, which include commonly occurring words such as "of" and "the", will not be indexed. However, the word "a," which is a stopword in other fields, can be searched in the Title field.

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TW Text Word
zygapophyseal.tx.
 

The Text Word (TW) field is ideal for broad retrieval of an author's specialized terminology. Searches in this field are conducted simultaneously in the Title (TI), Keyword (KW), and Full Text (TX) fields.

If you believe that your search word or phrase has been used very frequently in the literature (e.g. "blood pressure,") you may wish to focus the results more closely by using the Title (TI) or Subject Headings (SH) fields, or by using one of the limits to restrict the results of your search.

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TO Reviewed Article Title [Word Indexed]
zyban.to.
 

The Reviewed Article Title (TO) field contains the title of article being reviewed. 

Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in documents but do not appear in the title index. However, the word "a," which is a stopword in other fields, can be searched in the Reviewed Article Title field. This field displays as part of the Reviewed Source (SR) field.

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TX Text [Word Indexed]
zyplast.tx.
 

The Full Text (TX) field contains the complete document text. This field allows you to retrieve all documents with even the most passing mention of your search term. .

Since this field contains such a large quantity of diverse information, most searches for a specific subject will result in retrieval of higher relevance if conducted in the title (TI) or subject headings (SH) field.

Stopwords, which include commonly occurring words such as "of" and "the", will not be indexed.

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UF Update Flag [Phrase Indexed]
new.uf.
 

The Update Flag (UF) field contains "New" if the review has been newly added since the last database update.  If the record has not changed since the last update, there will be nothing in this field.

Search new.uf. to see all of the reviews which have been added since the last update of the database.

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UR URL for Original Research [Phrase Indexed]
elsevierhealth.ur.
 

The URL for Original Research (UR) field contains the URL information for the original article.

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XH Catalog Holdings [Display Only]
 

The Catalog Holdings (XH) field indicates (with a "Y" or an "N") if a journal is held locally.

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XM Exploded MeSH Heading [Phrase Indexed]
zygophyllaceae.xm.
 

The Exploded MeSH Heading (XM) field contains pre-exploded MeSH Headings. MeSH Subject Headings are hierarchical, with up to twelve levels of narrower terms from the top of a hierarchy. In order to retrieve a term and all of its narrower terms, a subject heading must be "exploded", that is, the subject heading and all narrower terms are "OR'd" together. OVID pre-explodes highly-posted broader terms with their narrower terms during loading. These pre-exploded MeSH Headings are displayed in the MeSH Subject Headings (SH) field.

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XS Exploded Sub-Heading [Phrase Indexed]
tu.xs.
 

The Exploded Subheadings (XS) field contains the two-letter codes for the pre-exploded subheadings. Sometimes multiple MeSH Subheadings can be logically grouped together.  Such related groups of subheadings are "pre-exploded" under one broad subheading.  This means that all the grouped subheadings can be retrieved together by searching on the "pre-exploded" version of the broad subheading. These pre-exploded MeSH Headings are displayed in the MeSH Subject Headings (SH) field.

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YR Year [Phrase Indexed]
2008.yr.
 

The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the year in which the article was published.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO).

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Advanced Searching
You can use special search syntax listed below to combine search terms or strategically develop a search. Full documentation is provided in the Advanced Searching Techniques section of the Online Help.
Operator Syntax Search Example Sample Results
OR x or y meta-analysis or placebo "Use of cisapride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia: a meta-analysis of randomized trials"
  The OR operator retrieves records that contain any or all of the search terms. For example, the search heart attack or myocardial infarction retrieves results that contain the terms heart attack, myocardial infarction or both terms; results are all inclusive. You can use the OR operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field.
AND x and y meta-analysis and placebo "One meta-analysis on LLLTs effect on musculoskeletal pain found no effect of LLLT on pain compared to placebo."
  The AND operator retrieves only those records that include all of the search terms. For example, the search blood pressure and stroke retrieves results that contain the term blood pressure and the term stroke together in the same record; results are exclusive of records that do not contain both of these terms. You can use the AND operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field.
NOT x not y placebo not meta-analysis "In placebo therapy there was only a single study. Four studies using a multimodal intervention, which does not enable a conclusion about individual therapies, were also reviewed."
  The NOT operator retrieves records that contain the first search term and excludes the second search term. For example, the search health reform not health maintenance organizations retrieves only those records that contain the term health reform but excludes the term health maintenance organizations. In this way, you can use the NOT operator to restrict results to a specific topic.
You can use the NOT operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field.
Adjacency (ADJ) x y postnatal anj depression "Antidepressant drug therapy vs a community-based psychosocial intervention for the treatment of moderate postnatal depression"
  The Adjacent operator (ADJ) retrieves records with search terms next to each other in that specific order. You do not need to separate search terms manually by inserting ADJ between them, because when you separate terms with a space on the command line, Ovid automatically searches for the terms adjacent to one another. For example, the search blood pressure is identical to the search blood adj pressure.
Defined Adjacency (ADJn) x ADJn y serotonin adj4 depression "non-psychotic depression treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors"
  The defined adjacency operator (ADJn) retrieves records that contain search terms within a specified number (n-1) of words from each other in any order (stop-words included). To use the adjacency operator, separate your search terms with ADJ and a number from 1 to 99 as explained below:

           ADJ1     Next to each other, in any order
           ADJ2     Next to each other, in any order, up to 1 word in between
           ADJ3     Next to each other, in any order, up to 2 words in between
           ADJ99   Next to each other, in any order, up to 98 words in between

For example, the search physician adj5 relationship retrieves records that contain the words physician and relationship with a maximum of four words in between in either direction. This particular search retrieves records containing such phrases as physician patient relationship, patient physician relationship, or relationship between cancer patient and physician.
Please note Ovid’s order of operation handles terms within parentheses first. Therefore it is recommended to apply the ADJn operator in one-on-one operations to avoid missing out on results. E.g. stroke adj4 (blood pressure or high blood pressure) could potentially miss out on some combinations of stroke with high blood pressure. The optimum way to execute this on Ovid is: (stroke adj4 blood pressure) OR (stroke adj4 high blood pressure).
Frequency (FREQ) x.ab./FREQ=n Antidepressants.tx./FREQ=3 "Antidepressants are generally effective in the treatment of major depression but a significant number of patients drop out of treatment and many will relapse. The SSRI's are of similar efficacy to other antidepressants - standardized mean difference of 0.004 (95% CI -0.096 - 0.015). SSRI's also have similar drop out rates to the cheaper antidepressants"
  The frequency operator (FREQ) lets you specify a threshold of occurrence of a term in the records retrieved from your search. Records containing your search term are retrieved only if the term occurs at least the specified (n) number of times. In general, records that contain many instances of your search term are more relevant than records that contain fewer instances. The frequency operator is particularly useful when searching a text field, such as Abstract or Full Text, for a common word or phrase.
Unlimited Truncation ($) x$

rat$

"1.Elective stent insertion versus PTCA in subacute IHD for: - event rates (generally death, MI, repeat PTCA and CABG) odds ratio (OR), 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.78) - repeat PTCA OR, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.48 to 0.69)"
  Unlimited truncation retrieves all possible suffix variations of the root word indicated. To apply unlimited truncation to a term, type the root word or phrase followed by either of the truncation characters: $ (dollar sign) or * (asterisk). For example, in the truncated search rat*, Ovid retrieves the word rat as well as the words rats, and more.
Limited Truncation ($) x$n

dog$1

"Mobility assistance dogs for mobility-impaired people"
  Limited truncation specifies a maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase. For example, the truncated search dog$1 retrieves results with the words dog and dogs; but it does not retrieve results with the word dogma.
Mandated Wildcard (#) xx#y

wom#n

"What reliable information, in terms of the chance of an affected child, is available to women with premutations between 55 and 200 repeats?"
  Searching with a mandated wildcard retrieves all possible variations of a word in which the wildcard is present in the specified place. You can use it at the end of a term to limit results to only those that contain the word plus the mandated character. For example, the search dog# retrieves results that contain the word dogs, but not those that contain the word dog, effectively limiting results to only those that contain the plural form of the word. The mandated wild card character (#) is also useful for retrieving specialized plural forms of a word. For example, the search wom#n retrieves results that contain both woman and women. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word.
Optional Wildcard (?) xx?y

colo?r

"Colour vision screening: a critical appraisal of the literature"
  The optional wild card character (?) can be used within or at the end of a search term to substitute for one or no characters. This wild card is useful for retrieving documents with British and American word variants since it specifies that you want retrieval whether or not the extra character is present. For example, the optional wild card search colo?r retrieves results that contain the words color or colour. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word.
Literal String ("") "x / y"

"IIb/IIIa antagonists"

"cost-effectiveness of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists in the medical management of unstable angina"
"n"

"3".dv

"Health Technology Assessment. Vol.3(No.2): 156, 1999."
 

Quotation marks can be used to retrieve records that contain literal strings, when the string includes special characters, such as a forward slash (/).

Quotation marks can also be used to retrieve records that contain numbers that may otherwise be confused for earlier searches. In the example, a search for 3.vo would limit the string from your third search in your search history to the volume field. By including the number in quotation marks, the search will retrieve documents with a 3 in the volume number.

Romper Searching “use coch,acp,dare,cca,cctr,clcmr,clhta,cleed"

 

The Romper searching can be done only on single segments or a group of single segments.

If you are searching for a multi-file of ebmz you can put in any or all the segments that make up ebmz. For example, command “dog.ti use coch,acp,dare,cca,cctr,clcmr,clhta,cleed" to include any or all segments of ebmz.

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Stopwords
The Ovid search engine applies so called "run-time stopword processing". This means the search engine on the fly ignores the stopwords: and, as, by, for, from, in, is, of, on, that, the, this, to, was, were & with.

Therefore a search: at risk for diabetes.ti will also find: at risk of diabetes. The distance of one word in between is kept, but the stopword "for" is ignored.

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Limits
The following limits are available for this database. See Database Limits in the OvidSP Online Help for details on applying limits.

Limit

Syntax
Age Group Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to infant
 

A limit by Age Group restricts retrieval by any of the age groups indexed in the database. Since only human age groups are indexed, this limit will also restrict retrieval to human subjects.

If you choose this option you will be presented with a list of age groups from which to select.

Animals Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to animals
 

A limit to Animals restricts retrieval to documents which are primarily about animal subjects.  It retains articles about both human and animal subjects.

Consider also the Limit to Animal Type, which will allow you to select from a list of common experimental research animals.

Animal Type Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to horse
 

A limit by Animal Type restricts retrieval to any of the basic animal types.

If you choose this option you will be presented with a short alphabetical list of some common research animal types from which to select.

Consider also the Limit to Animal, which restricts retrieval to documents which are about any animal subject.

CheckTags Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to pregnancy
 

Indexers apply check tags to articles to identify research categories. Categories include research subjects (such as female or adult). If you choose this option you will be presented with a list of categories from which to select.

English Language Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to english
 

A limit to English will restrict retrieval to articles which are written in the English language. Foreign language articles with English abstracts will be eliminated by a limit to English.

Female Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to female
 

A limit to Female restricts retrieval to documents which are about females, either human or animal.

Human Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to human
  A limit to Humans will restrict retrieval to articles which are about human subjects.
Language Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to french
 

A limit to Language restricts retrieval to any of the languages indexed in the database.

If you choose this option you will be presented with an alphabetical list of languages from which to select.

Local Holdings Sentence Syntax:  
 

A limit to Local Holdings restricts retrieval to documents from journals held in your local library or library system.

If your System Administrator has created any special messages about a journal's availability, this message will display with the document in the Local Holdings (LH) field.

Male Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to male
 

A limit to Male restricts retrieval to documents which are about males, either human or animal.

New Reviews Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to new reviews
 

A limit to New Reviews restricts retrieval to documents which have been added to the database since the last update.

Publication Type Sentence Syntax: limit 1 to review
 

A limit by Publication Type restricts retrieval by publication types including classifications such as:

Clinical Trial       Review
Bibliography    
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Sample Documents
Sample 1
Accession Number
  HTA-31995000000 
Authors
  Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research.
Title
  Gallstone therapies (Structured abstract)
Source
  Health Technology Assessment Database. 2009 Issue 2, John Wiley & Sons,
  Ltd. Chichester, UK. Division: ST.
Reviewed Source
  Original article: Marshall, D. Gallstone therapies. Ottawa: Canadian
  Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment/Office Canadien
  de Coordination de l'Evaluation des Technologues de la Sante (CCOHTA).
  35p. 1991.
Reviewed Article Year of Publication
  1991
Address for Correspondence
  600-865 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1S 5S8 Canada.
  Tel: +1 613 226 2553, Fax: +1 613 226 5392;
MeSH Subject Headings
  Cholecystectomy Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic Cholelithiasis
  Laparoscopy Lithotripsy
Record Status
  This is a publication undertaken by a member of INAHTA. For further
  information please contact the agency using the contact details in 
  the Correspondence Address field.
Language
  English, French
Summary Language
  English
Year of Publication
  2009
Database Entry Date
  1991
Digital Object Identifier
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858
Study Information
  Authors' objectives: 
  Comparison of open cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and
  gallstone lithotripsy.
  Type of intervention: Treatment 
  Searching: Published literature; TA agency documents; 
  hospital-specific costs; government physician payment schedules;
  manufacturers' data. 
  Results:
  a) No controlled trials of laparoscopic cholecystectomy comparing it
  with surgical cholecystectomy have been completed. However, it is
  being adopted at a rapid rate in Canadian hospitals; b) Total
  treatment costs for the three therapies per case are $3437 (open),
  $2605 (lap.) and $1631 (lithotripsy). This does not include costs
  associated with loss of work, and costs due to complications; c) When
  variables e.g. length of stay, hospital room rates, patient
  throughput, length of adjunct drug therapy, number of lithotripsy
  sessions, etc. are changed, the three per-case costs range from
  $2661 to $5825 (open), $2497 to $3236 (lap.) and $1553 to $7475
  (lithotripsy); d) There is no evidence that use of a laser improves
  outcomes for laparoscopic cholecystectomy; e) Training of surgeons in
  the laparoscopic procedure may not be adequate. 
  Index terms: 
ISSN
  1465-1858
URL for Original Research
  https://www.ccohta.ca/
Copyright
  Copyright (C) 2009 Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology
  Assessment(CCOHTA). Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample 2
Accession Number
  HTA-31995000001 
Authors
  Comis, J.
Title
  Reuse of single-use cardiac catheters (Structured abstract)
Source
  Health Technology Assessment Database. 2009 Issue 2, John Wiley 
  & Sons, Ltd. Chichester, UK. Division: ST.
Reviewed Source
  Original article: Comis, J. Reuse of single-use cardiac catheters.
  Ottawa: Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology
  Assessment/Office Canadien de Coordination de l'Evaluation des
  Technologues de la Sante (CCOHTA). 36p. 1991.
Reviewed Article Year of Publication
  1991
Address of Correspondence
  600-865 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1S 5S8 Canada.
  Tel: +1 613 226 2553, Fax: +1 613 226 5392;
MeSH Subject Headings
  Data Collection
  Disposable Equipment / ut [Utilization]
  Equipment and Supplies, Hospital
  Equipment Safety
  Heart Catheterization / is [Instrumentation]
Record Status
  This is a publication undertaken by a member of INAHTA. For further
  information please contact the agency using the contact details in the
  Correspondence Address field.
Language
  English, French
Summary Language
  English
Year of Publication
  2009
Database Entry Date
  1991
Digital Object Identifier
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858
Study Design
  Review
Study Information
  Authors' objectives:
  To address four issues related to the re-use of diagnostic cardiac
  catheters and angiography cardiac catheters: risk of infection,
  functional effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and liability; request
  from provincial governments.
  Type of intervention:
  Medical devices 
  Searching: 
  Published literature; government agency documents; cardiac
  catheterization laboratory staff in hospitals. 
  Results:
  a) The possible increased risk of infection with re-use is a
  concern; however, there is no conclusive evidence that there is no
  increased risk; b) Hospitals do not typically have guidelines as to
  the number of times a catheter can be reused; c) Hospitals that reuse
  catheters expect volumes of procedures to decrease if they stopped
  re-using; d) One hospital has estimated an annual saving of $100,000
  if catheters are re-used 10 times; e) Patients are not informed if a
  used catheter is to be used on them. It is possible that this
  breaches the standard of care according to Canadian law. Authors'
  conclusions: Revising/reprocessing cardiac catheters has not been
  proven to be safe or unsafe. Since the primary motivation is economic,
  more hospitals are considering this practice. There still remain
  issues and questions that need to be addressed before re-use can be
  considered a safe practice. 
  Index terms: 
ISSN
  1465-1858
URL for Original Research
  https://www.ccohta.ca/
Copyright
  Copyright (C) 2009 Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology
  Assessment (CCOHTA). Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Centre for Reviews & Dissemination
University of York
York YO10 5DD
UK
FAX: +44 (0)1904 321040
email: [email protected]

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