The Abstracts (AB) field includes abstracts written or edited by the American Psychological Association (APA) for journal articles. APA abstracts contain information specifically targeted to be of use with various forms of literature.

For example, experimental and empirical articles will always contain the purpose of the study, the hypothesis, the subject population, methodology, results and significant conclusions. Names and genres of instruments used are included wherever possible, as well as names, dosage and route of administration of drugs.

The abstract index contains all searchable words from the abstract.

Historical Note: From 1995, dissertation records contain abstracts as well. Journal-provided abstracts have been used with little modification, whenever possible, since 2003. Older APA PsycInfo® records have a higher percentage of staff-written and modified journal abstracts.

Use All searchable Fields (AF) to simultaneously search in all searchable fields in the database.

The fields excluded from an All Fields search are fields such as Heading Word (HW) which are created by the loading process and do not actually appear in the record, and Cited References (RF), which allows searching in all fields comprising the Cited References field.

The Age Group (AG) field contains a standardized description of specific population age groups related to the content of the document. A record may contain multiple Age Groups:

Both the code and the term are searchable. The results are displayed as part of the Population Group (PO) field. Age Groups are also available as a limit.

Historical Note: The present list of Age Groups has existed from 1996 to present. The three broad Age Groups (Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood) have been assigned by indexers since 1984 and are also applied to all records in which a narrower Age Group appears. However, Age Group values have been mapped back in the database to 1967, based on the records’ indexing. Most of the records from the earliest to 1966 do not have Age Groups.

The Author ID (AI) will help users locate publications by authors with variant name spellings and will group that author's publications.

The Accession Number (AN) field appears in every record, and uniquely identifies the record. You can retrieve any specific record in the database with its accession number. It contains 12 numeric characters with hyphens in the YYYY-NNNNN-LLL format, structured as follows:

Examples:

The Article ID (AR) field contains a fixed identifier that uniquely identifies an article-by-article published record. The Article ID is a simple string, optional, non-repeating field. If present, it appears only in Journal records.

This field may contain up to 30 alphanumeric characters including hyphens, parenthesis, periods and forward slashes.

This field displays in the Source field.

The Author (AU) field contains the names of individual persons responsible for creation of the work represented by the record.

If all authors are not included, the last name listed is followed by "et al."

The author names are entered into the index as they appeared in the original document, in the format of last name followed by first and middle names or up to two initials. Thus, a person named "James C. Smith" may appear as "Smith James C," "Smith J Charles," "Smith, JC" or "Smith J" Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and the first initial.

If you are unsure of the spelling, view the index to see all versions and spellings of the name. See "Display and Browse Field Indexes" in the Ovid Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

Patronymic suffixes, such as Jr., Sr., III, and so on, are included for display, but are not indexed, as are non-author roles, which include:

If no role is present, the role may be assumed to be "author".

Data in the author field may also compr ise one or more of the following special cases:

Historical Note: The number of authors cited varies by entry year.
1996-present: All author names.
1987-1995: First four authors, followed by et al. if there were more than four authors. In 2009 et al. was replaced with the actual authors’ names.
1967-1986: Up to four authors entered; but for publications with more than four authors, the first author ONLY was entered followed by et al. (See note above regarding et al.)
Earliest-1966: Variable due to editorial differences among the printed source material.

The Book Edition (BE) field contains the edition information of book records. This information displays as part of the Title (TI) field.

The Parent Book Title (BT) field appears in Chapter records only and contains the title of the parent book in which the chapter appears.

The parent book information, combined with the Publisher Information (PU) and ISBN (IB) fields, enables users to obtain complete book bibliographic data from chapter records.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Book Volume (BV) field contains the volume information of book records. This information displays as part of the Title (TI) field.

The Type of Book (BY) field identifies the description or type of book.

Types of Books include:

The Type of Book is also available as a limit.

The Corporate/Institutional Author (CA) field contains the corporation or institution of the authors or editors as well as the department, sub-departments, and location. Enter the most significant words from a corporate author name to search this field.

If all corporate authors are not included, "et al" will appear after the last one.

The Cited Reference Date field contains at least the publication year for the respective reference. This field may contain month, day and/or time of publication or release, and will be present only in journal, book and book chapter references.

This field displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

"The APA PsycInfo Classification Code (CC) field includes 4-digit numbers representing broad subject categories, such as "Learning and Motivation" or "Linguistics, Language and Speech." Searching with APA PsycInfo Classification Code is a convenient way to limit an existing subject search to a particular setting (e.g., treatment, education, etc.) or area.

The numerical Classification Codes are stored in the index. To view and select from the hierarchical list of codes and their scope notes, use the option "Search Tools".

Historical Note: Classification System History
1992: The system expanded from 17 to 22 categories. All categories and subcategories are searchable for records entered and were mapped back to relevant records. The classification codes were mapped back to all records.
1989: Classifications corresponding to the current changes were mapped back to relevant records.
1976: Four-digit subcategories were used for the first time. Before 1976, the classification system consisted of broad, two-digit codes only. For records entered prior to 1976, concepts represented by subcategories in the current system can be searched at the broad level only.

The Cited Reference DOI (CD) field contains the Digital Object Identifier of the electronic document cited in a record. These DOIs may contain full text access. The Cited Reference DOI displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Cited Reference Publisher (CE) field contains the publisher of the referenced publication. The Cited Reference Publisher displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Conference Information (CF) field contains the name, number, date and location of a conference at which the content of the document was presented.

Individual words are posted in the Conference Information index. Standard abbreviations are used for the institutional and geographical portions of the field, such as:

The Correction Date (CH) field appears in corrected records and contains the date the record was revised. When available, it displays in the Update Code (UP) field.

The Cited Reference Issue (CI) field contains the issue information of the journal in which the citation appears.

It displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Cited Reference Volume (CL) field contains the particular volume of the Cited Reference Source (CS).

It displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Conference Note (CN) field contains information about additional conferences at which the content of a document was presented, or information about a conference from which the content of the document was derived.

This field is indexed and displayed as part of the Conference Information (CF) field.

The Copyright Field (CP) will capture the copyright of an article or chapter record at the time it was published. This field will help users know how owns the copyright when an article or chapter is first published. The Copyright Data will not be applied to either Journal-level or Book-level information. If present, it may appear only in Article or Chapter records.

TThe Correspondence Address (CQ) field contains the contact information for the correspondence regarding the document. This field will also contain the author's e-mail address when available.

Historical Note: From 2002 forward, the correspondence author’s name and address have been displayed in a separate field. Beginning in 2006, the correspondence address can be for an organization as well as an individual.

The Cited Reference Source (CS) field contains the title of the publication. For book references, title information will be found in the Cited Reference Title (CV) field.

The Cited Reference Source displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Cited Reference Author Last Name (CT) field contains the last name of the author for the source document. Authors may be Anonymous, Individual Authors, or Institutional Authors. The Cited Reference Author displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Cited Reference Author (CU) field contains the author for the source document. Authors may be Anonymous, Individual Authors, or Institutional Authors.

The Cited Reference Author displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Cited Reference Title (CV) field contains the title of the source document. The field may contain additional information but not limited to the following:

The Cited Reference Title displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

If you want to retrieve every APA PsycInfo Classification Code (CC) that includes a particular word or words, search for the desired word(s) in the APA PsycInfo Classification Word (CW) field.

The Cited Reference Identifier (CZ) field contains the reference of the source citation.

It displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Data Set Description (DA) field provides information on the given data set. Only one description is allowed per data set, but there can be any number of DOIs or links for a data set.

The Data Set Access (DC) field contains the access points for a certain data set. There can be any number of DOIs or links for a data set.

The Digital Object Identifier (DO) field contains the registered DOI for electronic documents. These DOIs may contain full text access.

The Publication Date (DP) may be a month and year; a season and year; a month, day, and year; or just a year.

The Dissertation Details (DS) field contains the additional publisher information such as UMI Order Number, OpenURL, Advisor(s), degree, institution and department for dissertation records.

The Document Type (DT) field identifies the specific kind of document, and explains what a document is as opposed to what it is about.

Document Types are also available as Limits.

Historical Note: In 2009, the value Dissertation [2900] was added to the Document Type list. This change enables users to quickly either search for only dissertations or to quickly exclude them from a search strategy.

The Format Covered (FO) field identifies the broad, physical medium of the item covered by the record.

The Grant/Scholarship (GS) field identifies the sponsor names, grant/contract/award information, funding amounts, funding dates, and other details about the sponsorship for the record.

The Heading Word (HW) index allows you to retrieve every subject heading that includes a particular word by searching a single word in the Subject Heading (SH) field.

You can also view Subject Headings by using the Permuted Index in the Tools menu.

Book and Chapters record added since 1987 are indexed with the work's intended general audience, something which is often explicitly stated by authors or publishers. The American Psychological Association (APA) selects audience types from a standard list which can be quickly browsed in the Intended Audience (IA) index.

Intended Audience terms include:

Intended Audience is also available as a limit.

The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN), and any qualifying text in parentheses. The qualifying text denotes binding type, volume number(s), publisher and/or the publisher location for which the ISBN was assigned. ISBNs have been included in APA PsycInfo® since 1987.

The ISBN appears as a number separated by hyphens. Its purpose is to identify uniquely a book title, an edition of a book, or a monograph produced by a specific publisher. Each ISBN number contains the following parts:

However, despite this standard format, ISBNs vary enormously on the source documents. Consequently, they have also been put into the index without spaces or dashes.

You may search the ISBN with or without hyphens.

The Key Concepts (ID) field concisely summarizes a document's subject content. Indexers use the Key Concepts to supplement Subject Headings (SH).

For experimental literature, Key Concepts typically contain the independent variable, the dependent variable, and the subject population.

For non-experimental literature, Key Concepts consist of major concepts, time lines, populations, implications, or genre -- whatever information the indexer thinks will supplement other indexing information.

Individual words from the Key Concepts may be searched in this field.

Historical Note: For records processed from 1967-1995, the field for experimental records contains the independent variable, the dependent variable, and the population. These data are generally presented in this order in a structured phrase format.

The Institution (IN) field contains the author's name along with their affiliation, if indicated in the source document.

Although Author names display in this field, only the institution can be searched. Search for the most descriptive word in the institution's name, such as "harvard,"rather than "university."

Standard abbreviations are used in this field; the most critical ones include:

Institutions which are commonly known by initials (IBM, NIMH, WHO, INSERM) may be listed in initialed form in some records and are spelled out in others.

State and Province names must be searched by both spelled-out name and postal abbreviation. Country names (except USA ) are spelled out.

Historical Note: Up to 2002, only the first author’s affiliation was entered into the document. Since then, affiliations are entered and displayed for all authors.

The Issue/Part (IP) field contains the issue and/or part for a particular volume of a journal.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The ISSN Print (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for the print journal in which an article was published. It appears as a number separated by a hyphen. ISSNs have been included in APA PsycInfo since 1979.

To search the index, include hyphens, such as 0002-953X.

The ISSN Electronic (IT) field contains the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for the electronic journal in which an article was published. It appears as a number separated by a hyphen. ISSNs have been included in APA PsycInfo® since 1979.

To search the index, include hyphens, such as 1000-958X.

The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which an article was published.

Enter as many of the words or letters in a journal name as are needed to distinguish it from other journals, for example, "cognitive sci$" for "Cognitive Science." To search by a journal word, use the Journal Word (JW) field.

This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Journal Word (JX) field contains individual words from every journal name in the database. This field is used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a particular word, such as "psychological."

The Language (LG) field contains the document's language(s) of publication.

Historical Note: For records prior to 1967, the language choices were English or NonEnglish. However, an ongoing project is retrospectively replacing the NonEnglish entry with the appropriate language.

The Locally Held (LH) field indicates (with a "Y" for "Yes" or an "N" for "No") if a journal is held at your library or institution. This information is designated by your OVID System Administrator.

The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by your Ovid System administrator to indicate holdings information about journals held in your library or institution.

The Location (LO) field contains a standardized description of population locations, specifically country names, related to the content of the document. The field may contain multiple Population Locations.

The E-Mail Address (MA) field contains the email addresses of the persons responsible for the work represented by the record.

Historical Note: From 2001 to present, author email became a standard field for all authors and all author emails in the source document are entered. Before that, the author email was only input for the first or corresponding author.

The Methodology (MD) field contains the specific kind of methodology used in a research study. Both the code and the term are searchable.

Methodology terms include:

Methodology terms are also available as limits.

MeSH Word (MF) The MeSH Word (MF) index allows you to retrieve every Medical Subject Headings as assigned by PubMed that includes a particular word by searching a single word in the MeSH (MH) field.

The Mesh (MH) field contains the Medical Subject Headings as assigned by PubMed. The MeSH headings that appear in Medline database records are also provided in the APA PsycInfo® records.

The Publication Month/Season (MO) field may appear in Journal Article, Dissertation, or Report records only, and contains the month or season that the journal issue, Dissertation Abstracts International issue, or report was published.

The field usually consists of a three-character alphabetic abbreviation of the month or season.

Example: Win

The NLM Title Abbreviation (NL) field contains the official PubMed abbreviation for a journal title.

The Numeric Month (NM) field may appear in Journal Article, Dissertation, or Report records only, and contains the numerical value of the month. This field will only be use in the metadata of the field Publication Month/Season (MO).

The Notes (NT) field contains various types of descriptive information, such as the relationship of the present work to a previous work. This is a free-text field used most frequently to capture complex publication histories. It contains miscellaneous information about the document, including reprint citations or information about forms of other previous publications of the content.

The Open Access (OA) label appears in records where the full-text content has been given open access status by the publisher.

The Other Publishers (OC) field contains variations of the publisher name, resulting from publisher or publisher name changes.

Historical Note: This field was added in 2007 to reflect variations in the publisher name resulting from publisher changes or publisher name changes occurring over the course of a publication’s history.

The Other Serial Titles (OL) field contains variations of the serial title name, resulting from serial title changes.

The UMI Order Number (ON) contains the number assigned by University Microfilms International for ordering full text dissertations represented in Dissertation Abstracts International.  It usually consists of a 9- or 10-character alphanumeric sequence.

The Translated Parent Book Title (OP) appears for chapter records only, and contains the English-language translation of the non-English title of the parent book in which the chapter appears.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Translated Book Series Title (OS) appears in Book or Chapter records only. It contains the English-language translation of the series title of a document written in a non-English language.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Original Title (OT) field contains non-English titles in the original document language. If the original title was in a non-Roman alphabet, the Original Title is transliterated or is not present.

When searching for French titles, omit article prefixes. For example, search for "heure" rather than "l'heure."

The Open URL (OU) is a web-based URL to access the full text of dissertations. This field specifies that the method of access is http:// (i.e., World Wide Web HTML protocol).  It may contain up to 199 alphanumeric characters including hypens, ampersands, periods, and forward slashes.

The Parent Book Author (PA) field appears in Chapter records only. It contains up to the first two authors of the "parent" book in which the chapter appears. If a third or subsequent author exists for the parent book, "et al." appears.

The author names are entered into the index as they appeared in the original document, in the format of last name followed by first and middle names or up to two initials. Thus, a person named "James C. Smith" may appear as "Smith James C," "Smith J Charles," "Smith, JC" or "Smith J" Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and the first initial.

Patronymic suffixes, such as Jr., Sr., III, and so on, are included for display, but are not indexed, as are non-author roles, which include:

If no role is present, the role may be assumed to be "author". 

Data in the Parent Book Author field may also comprise one or more of the following special cases:

The Parent Book Author ID (PD) contains unique identifiers which may be supplied by the publisher for records added or updated. The most common is Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID).

The Parent Book Author ID (PD) displays in the Source (SO) field following its associated Book Author.

The Page Count (PE) contains the page length, or total number of pages for a journal article. This is a separate and distinct field from the Pagination field. Page Count is a simple string, optional, non-repeating field. If Present, it appears only in Journal Records. This Field may contain up to 7 alphanumeric characters.

The Pagination (PG) field consists of the inclusive pagination of a document. You can only search for the initial page, but the full page range displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Publication History Field will capture multiple dates for the publishing history of an article. This element will be used only for Journal records, Publication History will appear only in records for "Fully published" article.

The Parent Book Institutional Author (PI) appears in Chapter records only, and contains up to the first two institutional authors of the book in which the chapter appears. If a third or subsequent institutional author exists for the parent book, "et al" appears.

Only the first component of the institution name is included in the field; other name components and geographic information do not appear.

Standard abbreviations are used in this field; the most critical ones include:

Institutions which are commonly known by initials (IBM, NIMH, WHO, INSERM) may be listed in initialed form in some records and are spelled out in others.

State and Province names must be searched by both spelled-out name and postal abbreviation. Country names (except USA and USSR) are spelled out.

The Publisher Location (PL) field appears in Book and Chapter records only. It contains the location (city, state, country) of up to two publishers of the book, or of the chapter's parent book.

This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The PMID (PM) field contains the PubMed unique identifier.

The Parent Book Edition (PN) field contains the edition information of book chapter records. This information displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Population Group (PO) field contains terms describing the subject population of the document. Population codes include:

Both the code and the term are searchable. Population groups are also available as a limit.

For records added to the database prior to 1997, a document which includes both animal and human subjects are specified as "animal." From 1997 on, both "animal" and "human" is specified when both subjects are included.

See the Age Groups (AG) field for a list of age groups, which also display in this field.

The Publication Status (PS) field is intended to capture the publication status of an article. Currently, there is only one value that will be used: First Posting.

Records that have the status “First Posting” are in the process of being indexed and may not yet have subject headings applied. First Posting records can be retrieved by unqualified free text searching (.mp.) or title/abstract/keyword (.ti,ab,kw) searching.

First Posting records for APA-published content (e.g. APA PsycArticles®) are provided with full indexing as they are added to APA PsycInfo®.

The Publication Type (PT) field identifies the general type of document.

Publication Types are also available as limits.

The Publisher Information (PU) field contains the publisher's name and its location.

Book and Encyclopedia records displays as part of the Source (SO) field and Publisher Information (PU) field. While Journals, Electronic Collection and Dissertation Abstract records displays in Publisher Information (PU) field only.

The Parent Book Volume (PV) field contains the edition information of book chapter records. This information displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Cited References (RF) field contains a complete or partial reference list to the source document. Partial reference lists are found when references are in non-Roman alphabets, do not refer to a published document, or exceed the number of occurrences allowed in an APA PsycInfo record. The field may appear in Peer-Reviewed Journal, Book, and Chapter records if present, and may repeat up to 999 occurrences.

Use RF to simultaneously search in all searchable parts of the Cited References field, including Cited Reference Date (CB), Cited Reference Author Last Name (CT), Cited Reference Publisher (CE), Cited Reference Source (CS) and Cited Reference Title (CV).

The Reviewed Item ISBN (RI) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) and binding type for the material being reviewed. ISBNs have been included in APA PsycInfo® since 1987.

The ISBN appears as a number separated by hyphens. Its purpose is to identify uniquely a book title, an edition of a book, or a monograph produced by a specific publisher. Each ISBN number contains the following parts:

However, despite this standard format, ISBNs vary enormously on the source documents. Consequently, they have also been put into the index without spaces or dashes.

You may search the ISBN with or without hyphens. You may search the Reviewed Item ISBN field on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Translated Title (RL) index contains non-English titles in the original document language. If the original title was in a non-Roman alphabet, the original title is transliterated or it is not present.

You may search the Reviewed Item Translated Title field on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Other Info (RO) index contains other relevant information about the item being reviewed, such as publisher information and price.

You may search the Reviewed Item Other Info index on its own, or use the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Year (RR) field contains the year in which the item being reviewed was published. The year may be searched using four digits, such as "2010."

You may search the Reviewed Item Year (RR) or Reviewed Item (RV) indexes and is displayed in the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Title (RT) field contains the English language version of a title.

The following abbreviations are used in titles: Vol, Vols, No, Nos, Ed, Rev (revised), Exp (expanded) and Enl (enlarged).

For documents which were not written in English, the original or transliterated title appears in a separate field, Original Title (OT).

You may search the Reviewed Item Title (RT) or Reviewed Item (RV) indexes and is displayed in the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item Author (RU) field contains the names of individual persons responsible for creation of the work being reviewed.  If all authors are not included, the last name listed is followed by "et al."

 The author names are entered into the index as they appeared in the original document, in the format of last name followed by first and middle names or up to two initials.  Thus, a person named "James C. Smith" may appear as "Smith James C," "Smith J Charles," "Smith, JC" or "Smith J" Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and the first initial.  If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name, enter one version and you will be able to scroll through the list of names to find other versions.

You may search the Reviewed Item Author (RU) or Reviewed Item (RV) indexes and is displayed in the Reviewed Item (RV) field.

The Reviewed Item (RV) field contains information about a book review found in the source document. This field appears most commonly in Peer-Reviewed Journal and Electronic Collection publication types.

This field is made up of the Reviewed Item Author (RU), Reviewed Item Title (RT), Reviewed Item Translated Title (RL), Reviewed Item Year (RR), Reviewed Item ISBN (RI), and Reviewed Item Other Info (RO) fields. Each of these fields can be searched individually, or the RV field can be searched with any term.

The Reprint Year (RY) field contains the year in which a book or chapter was reprinted, and is available for book and chapter records added since 1987.

The Reprint Year (RY) field must be searched as four digits, for example, "1994." Years must be searched individually; do not enter a range of years.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Cited Reference PMID (RZ) field contains the PubMed Identification number of the source citation reference.

It displays in the Cited References (RF) field.

The Subject Headings (SH) field contains the Subject Headings (also known as "descriptors" or "index terms") from the American Psychological Association's Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms. Indexers at the APA use the terms to describe the topic or content of a document.

Subject headings which describe the major point (focus) of a document will be preceded with an asterisk (*).

You can look up any of these terms by using Search tool tab. Subject Headings are entered into the index as phrases and should be searched exactly as they appear in the thesaurus

The Special Issue Title (SI) field may appear in Journal Article records only, and contains the special issue title of the journal in which the article appears.

The Source Title Translation (SL) field contains the English translation of a non-English journal title. The Source Title Translation (SL) is word indexed. Both English and non-English language titles are indexable in the Journal Name (JN) field.

The Supplemental Material DOI (SM) for supplemental material in the APA PsycInfo® record can be used to link to the full text of the supplemental material associated with an article, book, or chapter.  The DOI may contain up to 128 alphanumeric characters including hyphens, parentheses, periods, and forward slashes.

The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the Journal Name (JN) or monograph publisher, the Volume (VO), Issue/Part (IP), Pagination (PG), Publisher Information (PU), Publisher Location (PL) and Year of Publication (YR).

Other fields that make up the Source field include Reprint Year (RY), Parent Book Title (BT), Parent Book Author (PA), Parent Book Institutional Author (PI), Translated Parent Book Title (OP), Translated Book Series Title (OS), Book Series (ST), Parent Book Author ID (PD), Parent Book Edition (PN) and Parent Book Volume (PV).

Historical Note: Beginning in 2000, publisher name and country were added and mapped back for all records on the current coverage list.

The Special Section Title (SS) field contains the thematic sections within a journal that may include several articles but not all of the articles in a particular issue, as in a Special Issue.

If present, the Book Series (ST) field appears in the source description of Book records only. It contains the series title, volume and issue number of the book or of the chapter's parent book.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Supplemental Material (SV) field contains additional information not found in the print version of the source document, such as 3-D modeling images, video clips, and data sets.

Supplemental Material types include:

Supplemental Materials are also available as limits.

The Table of Contents (TC) field exists in book records added since 1987, and includes "front matter" such as preface, foreword and introduction, section headings and subheadings, chapter titles, substantive headings and subheadings of sections within chapters, page numbers, and "back matter" such as appendices, conclusions, afterwords, glossaries, indexes, etc. If a Table of Contents is abbreviated, it contains the indication "abbreviated". The author names follow the chapter titles. The Table of Contents (TC) field exists in book records added since 1987, and includes "front matter" such as preface, foreword and introduction, section headings and subheadings, chapter titles, substantive headings and subheadings of sections within chapters, page numbers, and "back matter" such as appendices, conclusions, afterwords, glossaries, indexes, etc. If a Table of Contents is abbreviated, it contains the indication "abbreviated". The author names follow the chapter titles. And "Created by APA PsycInfo®" will be display indicated with parentheses before the table of contents begin.

The Test DOI (TD) field contains the active link from APA PsycInfo® to APA PsycTests®. The link will only work with access to the APA PsycTests® database.

The Title (TI) field contains the Title of a document in English.

The following abbreviations are used in titles:

If the language of the document is not English, language of the document appears in square brackets after the title, such as Hermina Sinclair-De Zwart's Bibliography. [French]. The original or transliterated title appears in a separate field, Original Title (OT).

Historical Note: For non-Roman-alphabet titles, and for many non-English records added to the database during the 1970s, the original title field is left blank and only the English translation is provided.
From 1967-1977, records with non-Roman alphabet titles will only display the English translated title:[The egocentrism of children.]

The Test & Measures (TM) field identifies the names of tests and measures mentioned in the source document.

The Clinical Trial Number (TN) field contains the clinical trial number associated with the APA PsycInfo® record. The majority of it is assigned by NIH.

The Textword (TW) field is an alias for all of the fields in the database that contain text and are appropriate for a free-text subject search. The Text word fields in APA PsycInfo® include Table of Contents (TC), Title (TI), Abstract (AB), and Key Concepts (ID).

The Update Code (UP) field appears in all records and contains the date the record was released into the database. It is sometimes referred to as "Entry Month."

It consists of eight digits, in YYYYMMDD format, where YYYY is the release year, MM is the release month, and DD is the release day.

The Volume (VO) field contains the volume number of a journal issue.

This field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Test DOI will restrict retrieval to a DOI that will link from APA PsycInfo® to APA PsycTests® database.

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Accession Number
  2015-99010-593
Title
  The importance of second-language competence in the 21st-century workplace: Perceptions of 
  professors, teachers, college students, employment agents, and administrators.  
Publication Date
  2015
Year of Publication
  2015
Language
  English
Author
  Mbumina, Elie B.
Institution
  Mbumina, Elie B.: Capella U., US
Source
  Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol.75(7-
  A(E)),2015, pp. No Pagination Specified.  
ISSN Print
  0419-4209
ISBN
  978-1-303-77428-7
Other Serial Titles
  Dissertation Abstracts International
Publisher Information
  ProQuest Information & Learning; US
UMI Order Number
  AAI3613784
Open URL
  http://gateway.proquest.com/open...
Format Covered
  Electronic
Publication Type
  Dissertation Abstract
Document Type
  Dissertation
Abstract
  Despite growing awareness of the effects of second-language competency on employability, the 
  road to a total embracement and promotion of second languages in U.S. schools is paved with 
  challenges. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to determine the perceptions of 
  college professors, secondary school teachers, college students, employment agency 
  representatives, and school administrators about foreign language competence and its impact on 
  employment opportunity in the 21stcentury workplace. Interview questionnaires were designed and 
  distributed to 5 groups of participants who would have an interest in the study. The groups 
  included 3 college professors, 3 secondary school teachers, 3 college students, 3 employment 
  agency representatives, and 3 school administrators. The summary of the findings indicated there 
  may be a direct correlation between foreign-language competence and employability. The study 
  also confirmed that people have very positive perceptions of foreign-language competence. The 
  recurring themes were leadership and the impact of the United States as a world leader, more 
  marketability of job seekers, and increased literacy and learning. Based on these findings, 
  learning institutions could create more opportunities for students to be exposed to foreign 
  languages at an early age to promote foreign-language competence, educate students about the 
  urgency and need for foreign-language competence, as well as emphasize the immediate and 
  future benefits of foreign-language competence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all 
  rights reserved)
Key Concepts
  foreign-language competence, college students, employment agency representatives, secondary 
  school teachers
Subject Headings
  *College Students
  *College Teachers
  *Colleges
  *Competence
  Employability
  Employment Status
  High School Teachers
APA PsycInfo Classification Code
  Industrial & Organizational Psychology [3600]
Population Group
  Human.
  Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
Location
  US
Methodology
  Empirical Study; Interview; Qualitative Study; Quantitative Study
Update Code
  20150112 (PsycINFO) 
            

Accession Number
  2015-99010-583
Title
  A proactive approach to reducing errors in healthcare: Healthcare providers' perception of group 
  discussion instructional delivery method. 
Publication Date
  2015
Year of Publication
  2015
Language
  English
Author
  Touze, Emmanuel.
Institution
  Touze, Emmanuel: Keiser U., US
Source
  Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol.75(7-
  A(E)),2015, pp. No Pagination Specified.  
ISSN Print
  0419-4209
ISBN
  978-1-303-77448-5
Other Serial Titles
  Dissertation Abstracts International
Publisher Information  
  ProQuest Information & Learning; US
UMI Order Number
  AAI3613797
Open URL
  http://gateway.proquest.com/open...
Format Covered
  Electronic
Publication Type
  Dissertation Abstract
Document Type
  Dissertation
Abstract
  In 1999, a shocking medical report revealed that more than 99,000 deaths occur in our healthcare 
  facilities due to preventable medical errors. The report, "To Err is Human," also indicated that 
  more than 1 million medically adverse events result in major disabilities that could have easily 
  prevented through appropriate communication among healthcare professionals. Educational 
  researchers have acknowledged the importance of professional development leading to better 
  patient quality care for years; however, medically adverse events have remained prevalent. This 
  study served to explore how group discussion as a more appropriate teaching method that can help 
  make a difference in promoting quality patient care, given the fact that lecture has been the most 
  common method used without satisfying results. Bandura's social learning theory was the 
  theoretical framework for this qualitative research. The data collection process included 
  semi-structured and group interviews. The data analysis included triangulation, member checking, 
  inductive and open-coding analysis to promote the emergence of themes and sub-themes. The 
  results from this study indicated that there is an association between group discussion as a 
  training method that furthers quality patient care. The findings suggest that healthcare 
  administrators to use group discussion, rather than lecture, as a means to teach healthcare 
  professionals how to actively and effectively engage in communicating with each other during a 
  training session in order to enhance quality patient care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 
  APA, all rights reserved)
Key Concepts
  quality patient care, healthcare professionals, group discussion, adverse events
Subject Headings
  *Facilities
  *Group Discussion
  *Professional Development
  Qualitative Research
APA PsycInfo Classification Code
  Educational Psychology [3500]
Population Group
  Human.
  Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
Methodology
  Empirical Study; Interview; Qualitative Study; Quantitative Study
Update Code
  20150112 (PsycINFO)