| Label |
Name / Example |
| AB |
Abstract [Word Indexed]
ventricular
assist devices.ab. |
| |
EMBiology includes author-written abstracts when they are available.
Approximat ely 70% of the citations in EMBiology include abstracts.
Individual words are indexed in the abstracts field. Enter a single
word or phrase to be searched in the abstracts.
Stopwords such as "a" or "the" are not searchable in the Abstracts field. |
| Back |
| AN |
Accession Number [Phrase
Indexed]
"2005115090".an. |
| |
The Accession Number (AN) field contains an
ten-digit number assigned in EMBiology to uniquely identify a particular
record. |
| Back |
| AR |
Article Number
w06020.ar. |
| |
The Article Number (AR) is used in place of page
numbers for electronic documents; it may also be used in addition to page
numbers for printed documents. This field, when present, is displayed as
part of the Source (SO)field. |
| Back |
| AU |
Author [Phrase Indexed]
Gehrels
N.au. |
| |
The Author (AU) field contains up to 100 authors. The format for
authors is last name followed by one or more initials: Smith JC or Smith
J. If a single initial could not be transliterated with one letter, two or
more letters may be used. Occasionally a name will include the full first
name.
If there are more than 100 authors then only 99 are listed, followed by
the indication "et al."
Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and
first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name
(macdonald or mcdonald), enter one version and then scroll through the
list of names to find the other. |
| Back |
| CP |
Country of Publication [Phrase
Indexed]
usa.cp. |
| |
The Country of Publication (CP) field contains
the full name of the country in which a journal was published. The country
name is entered into the index as a phrase. |
| Back |
| DP |
Date of Publication
31 oct
2004.dp. |
| |
The date (DP) field consists of the date of publication for a citation.
This field is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.
It is searchable in the format DD MMM YYYY. Example: 23 FEB
2002 |
| Back |
| EI |
Electronic ISSN
"1743 8934".ei. |
| |
The Electronic ISSN (EI) field contains the electronic International
Standard Serial Number (eISSN) for the journal in which the article was
published. Each journal may have an ISSN, an eISSN, or both. However when
there is only an eISSN available it is searchable in the ISSN index and
displays in t he Electronic ISSN (EI) field.
Like the ISSN, it appears as an 8-digit number, separated by a hyphen:
1029-0362. |
| Back |
| EM |
Entry Week [Phrase
Indexed]
"200521".em. |
| |
The Entry Week (EM) field contains the date (year
and week) in which a document was added to EMBiology. |
| Back |
| EZ |
Enzyme Commission Numbers [Phrase
Indexed]
"3 4 24 14".ez. |
| |
The Enzyme Commission Number (EZ) field contains the enzyme name linked
to an Enzyme Commission number for that enzyme. The Enzyme Commission
Number is generated from enzyme names listed in EMTREE, Elsevier's Life
Science thesaurus.
Note that only the Enzyme Number is searchable. It can be searched as
“3 4 24 14”.ez. |
| Back |
| HW |
Heading Word [Word
Indexed]
rabbit.hw. |
| |
Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every Subject
Heading that includes a particular word (which may be derived from either
EMTREE or the Organism Thesaurus). This is done by searching single words
in the Heading Word (HW) field. |
| Back |
| IN |
Institution [Word
Indexed]
harvard.in. |
| |
The Institution (IN) field contains the primary author's affiliation,
which is usually the source for a reprint of the article. This information
is not standardized and often contains abbreviations. Enter the single
most descriptive word in an institution (harvard, not university).
Consider both full spellings and abbreviations. |
| Back |
| IP |
Issue Part [Word Indexed]
"32".ip. |
| |
The Issue Part field (IP) contains the Issue
and/or part for aparticular volume of a journal. The IP field displays as
part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| IS |
ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
"1210
5759".is. |
| |
The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number
(ISSN) for the journal in which an article was published. Each journal may
have an ISSN, an eISSN, or both. However when there is only an eISSN
available it is searchable in the ISSN index and displays in the Electronic
ISSN (EI) field.
It appears as an 8-digit number, separated by a hyphen:
0028-4793. |
| Back |
| JN |
Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
abb
review.jn. |
| |
The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in
which an article was published.
Journal names are indexed as phrases; enter enough letters of the
journal name to locate the name in the index, e.g. "new engl" (for New
England Journal of Medicine).
Stopwords such as "of" ARE included in the JN index, but when "the" is the first
word of a journal, it has been stripped. |
| Back |
| JW |
Journal Word [Word
Indexed]
biochemistry.jw. |
| |
The Journal Word (JW) field contains field contains individual words
from every journal name in EMBiology.
Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included. This field is used to retrieve
every occurrence of a journal which includes a particular word, such as
"pharmacology." |
| Back |
| LG |
Language [Phrase
Indexed]
french.lg.
fre.lg. |
| |
The Language (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of an
article. The language name will appear in the index as a 3-letter code
(such as fre for french). The codes are usually, but not always, the first
three letters of the language name. The full language also appears in the
index.
The language index is quickly scrollable to determine all languages
which appear in EMBiology. |
| Back |
| MS |
Molecular Sequence Number [Word
Indexed]
genbank.ms.
a.ms. |
| |
The Molecular Sequence Number (MS) field contains an acronym for a
source of molecular sequence data (e.g. Genbank) and a sequence accession
number documented by the source. Each acronym is preceded by a weighting
of A or B in parentheses (which is also searchable). The weighting of A is
assigned to the sequence numbers whose submission to a molecular sequence
database is announced in the document indexed. The weighting of B is
assigned to sequence numbers which are referred to, but not submitted by
the document. |
| Back |
| OR |
Organism Terms [Phrase Indexed]
“rattus
norvegicus”.or. |
| |
The Organism Term (OR) field contains Thesaurus terms for the organisms
mentioned in an article. Organism Terms are indexed as phrases and should
be searched as they appear in the combined thesaurus tree together with
EMTREE.
Organism Terms in this tree are presented in a new facet T, which
replaces EMTREE facet B. |
| Back |
| OT |
Original Title [Word
Indexed]
heure.ot. |
| |
The Original Title (OT) field contains all non-English titles in the
original language. If the original title was in a non-Roman alphabet, then
the OT is transliterated.
Omit common articles when searching a foreign language: heure not
l'heure. |
| Back |
| PG |
Page [Phrase Indexed]
"17".pg. |
| |
The Page (PG) field consists of the inclusive pagination of a journal
article. This field is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.
The first page on which an article appears is indexed in the Page (PG)
field. Often a journal title combined with the beginning page number is
enough to locate a citation. |
| Back |
| PT |
Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
journal.pt. |
| |
The Publication Type (PT) field identifies the source type (Journal or
Trade Journal) and document type of the item. The document type is one of
the following:
| Article |
|
Letter |
| Conference Paper |
|
Note |
| Editorial |
|
Review |
| Erratum |
|
Short Survey |
Note: Other source or document types may (exceptionally) be indexed,
such as
| Abstract Report |
|
Patent |
| Book |
|
Proceeding |
| Conference Review |
|
Report |
|
| Back |
| RF |
Number of References [Phrase
Indexed]
"27".rf. |
| |
The Number of References (RF) field contains the
number of references that appear at the end of the document. |
| Back |
| RN |
CAS Registry Number [Phrase
Indexed]
"50 02 2".rn. |
| |
The CAS Registry Number (RN) field contains the Chemical Abstracts
Service Registry name linked to the Chemical Abstracts Service number for
a compound men tioned in an article. The CAS Registry Number is generated
from drug and chemica l names listed in EMTREE, Elsevier's Life Science
Thesaurus.
Note that only the CAS Registry Number is searchable. It can be
searched as “50 0 7 0”.rn. |
| Back |
| SH |
Subject Heading [Phrase Indexed]
goat
disease.sh. |
| |
The Subject Heading (SH) field displays the Thesaurus terms that are
used to describe the content of an article. Thesaurus terms are derived
both from EMTREE and from Elsevier's Organism Thesaurus, which are merged
into a combined hierarchy, or "tree" structure (the Organism Thesaurus is
presented in a new facet T of the combined tree, which replaces EMTREE
facet B).
Thesaurus terms (including "Associated Terms" which are Thesaurus terms
at the lowest level) are indexed as phrases and should be searched as they
appear in the tree display (individual words can be searched in the Heading
Word (HW) field). For search purposes, all terms of the combined
thesaurus are searchable (and can be browsed) in the SH field. However, in
the record display only EMTREE terms are displayed in the SH field;
organism terms are separately displayed (and indexed) in the Organism
Term (OR) field. |
| Back |
| SL |
Summary Language [Phrase
Indexed]
spanish.sl.
fre.sl. |
| |
The Summary Language (SL) field contains the
language or languages in which the abstract is written. The summary
language name will appear in the index as a 3- letter code (such as fre
for french) or the actual summary language. The codes are usually, but not
always, the first three letters of the summary language name. |
| Back |
| SO |
Source
biochemical genetics.so. |
| |
The Source (SO) field includes a display of all
the basic information needed to locate a record, including the full Article
Number (AR), Date of
Publication (DP), Issue
Part (IP), Journal
Name (JN), Page (PG), Volume (VO) and Year of
Publication (YR). |
| Back |
| TI |
Title [Word Indexed]
abiotic.ti. |
| |
The Title (TI) field contains the English language version of a title.
For documents which were not written in English, the original or
transliterated title appears in a separate field, Original Title (OT).
Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in documents but do not appear in the
Title index. However, the word "a", which is a stopword in other fields,
CAN be searched in titles. |
| Back |
| UR |
URL [Word
Indexed]
academicjournals.ur. |
| |
The URL (UR) field will contain the URL
information for internet only journals. |
| Back |
| VO |
Volume [Word Indexed]
"127".vo. |
| |
The Volume (VO) field consists of the volume of a serial publication.
This field is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| YR |
Year of Publication [Phrase
Indexed]
"2004".yr. |
| |
The Year (YR) field contains the year in which an article or monograph
was published. The full year appears in the document and can be searched
using a single 4-digit number. This field, when present, is displayed as
part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Go: Menu or Back |
| You can use special search syntax to combine search terms or strategically develop a search. |
| Operator |
Syntax |
Search Example |
| OR |
x or y |
vitamin c or ascorbic acid |
|
The OR operator retrieves records that contain any or all of the search terms. For example, the search heart attack or myocardial infarction retrieves results that contain the terms heart attack, myocardial infarction or both terms; results are all inclusive. You can use the OR operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| AND |
x and y |
anticancer and vitamin K |
|
The AND operator retrieves only those records that include all of the search terms. For example, the search blood pressure and stroke retrieves results that contain the term blood pressure and the term stroke together in the same record; results are exclusive of records that do not contain both of these terms.
You can use the AND operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| NOT |
x not y |
blastula not embryo |
|
The NOT operator retrieves records that contain the first search term and excludes the second search term. For example, the search health reform not health maintenance organizations retrieves only those records that contain the term health reform but excludes the term health maintenance organizations. In this way, you can use the NOT operator to restrict results to a specific topic.
You can use the NOT operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| Adjacency (ADJ) |
x y |
blastula adj embryo |
|
The Adjacent operator (ADJ) retrieves records with search terms next to each other.You do not need to separate search terms manually by inserting ADJ between them, because when you separate terms with a space on the command line, Ovid automatically searches for the terms adjacent to one another. For example, the search blood pressure is identical to the search blood adj pressure. |
| Defined Adjacency (ADJn) |
x ADJn y |
patterning adj3 embryo |
|
The defined adjacency operator (ADJn) retrieves records that contain search terms within a specified number (n) of words from each other in any order. To use the adjacency operator, separate your search terms with ADJ and a number from 1 to 99. For example, the search physician adj5 relationship retrieves records that contain the words physician and relationship within five words of each other in either direction. This particular search retrieves records containing such phrases as physician patient relationship, patient physician relationship, or relationship of the physician to the patient. |
| Frequency (FREQ) |
x.ab./FREQ=n |
blood.ab./freq=5 |
|
The frequency operator (FREQ) lets you specify a threshold of occurrence of a term in the records retrieved from your search. Records containing your search term are retrieved only if the term occurs at least the specified (n) number of times. In general, records that contain many instances of your search term are more relevant than records that contain fewer instances. The frequency operator is particularly useful when searching a text field, such as Abstract or Full Text, for a common word or phrase. |
| Unlimited Truncation ($) |
x$ |
rat$ |
|
Unlimited truncation retrieves all possible suffix variations of the root word indicated. To apply unlimited truncation to a term, type the root word or phrase followed by either of the truncation characters: $ (dollar sign) or : (colon). For example, in the truncated search disease$, Ovid retrieves the word disease as well as the words diseases, diseased, and more. |
| Limited Truncation ($) |
x$n |
dog$1 |
|
Limited truncation specifies a maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase. For example, the truncated search dog$1 retrieves results with the words dog and dogs; but it does not retrieve results with the word dogma. |
| Mandated Wildcard (#) |
xx#y |
wom#n |
|
Searching with a mandated wildcard retrieves all possible variations of a word in which the wildcard is present in the specified place. You can use it at the end of a term to limit results to only those that contain the word plus the mandated character. For example, the search dog# retrieves results that contain the word dogs, but not those that contain the word dog, effectively limiting results to only those that contain the plural form of the word. The mandated wild card character (#) is also useful for retrieving specialized plural forms of a word. For example, the search wom#n retrieves results that contain both woman and women. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. |
| Optional Wildcard (?) |
xx?y |
colo?r |
|
The optional wild card character (?) can be used within or at the end of a search term to substitute for one or no characters. This wild card is useful for retrieving documents with British and American word variants since it specifies that you want retrieval whether or not the extra character is present. For example, the optional wild card search colo?r retrieves results that contain the words color or colour. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. |
| Literal String ("") |
"x / y" |
"Heat / Cold Application" |
| "n" |
"3".vo |
|
Quotation marks can be used to retrieve records that contain literal strings,
when the string includes special characters, such as a forward slash (/).
Quotation marks can also be used to retrieve records that contain numbers
that may otherwise be confused for earlier searches. In the example, a
search for 3.vo would limit the string from your third search in your search
history to the volume field. By including the number in quotation marks,
the search will retrieve documents with a 3 in the volume number. |
| Go: Menu or Back |
The following limits are available for this database. See Database Limits in the OvidSP Online Help for details on applying limits.
|
Limit |
Syntax |
| Abstracts |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to abstracts |
| |
A limit to Abstracts will restrict retrieval to EMBiology documents which include an abstract. About 60% of the documents in EMBiology contain abstracts. |
| Animal |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to animal |
| |
A limit to Animals will restrict retrieval to one or more of the Animal taxa indexed in EMBiology. If you choose Animals you will be presented with a list of Animal taxa from which to select (note: other Animal taxa are available from the thesaurus). |
| Arthropods |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to Arthropods |
| |
A limit to Arthropods will restrict retrieval to one or more of the Arthropod taxa indexed in EMBiology. If you choose Arthropods you will be presented with a list of Arthropod taxa from which to select (note: other Arthropod taxa are available from the thesaurus). |
| English Language |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to english |
| Command Syntax: |
..l/1 lg=english |
| |
A limit to English will restrict retrieval to articles which are written in the English language. Articles written in another language but which have an English abstract will be eliminated by a limit to English. |
| Full Text |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to full text |
| |
A limit to Full Text will restrict retrieval to those citations for which there is a full text link. Both Ovid full text and external full text are included in this limit. |
| Fungus |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to fungus
limit 1 to fungi |
| |
A limit to Fungus will restrict retrieval to items indexed with any of the organisms classified within the "Fungi" facet of the thesaurus. If you choose Fungi you will be presented with a list of Fungus taxa from which to select (note: other Fungus taxa are available from the thesaurus). |
| Human |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to human |
| |
A limit to Human will restrict retrieval to items indexed with "human" or "Homo sapiens". |
| Human Age Groups |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to Human Age Groups |
| |
A limit by Human Age Groups will restrict retrieval to any of a number of broad age categories indexed in EMBiology. |
| Journal |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to journal |
| |
A limit to will restrict retrieval to documents indexed from professional journals. |
| Languages |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to french |
| |
A limit to Languages will restrict retrieval to one or more of the languages indexed in EMBiology. If you choose Languages... you will be presented with a list of languages from which to select. |
| Latest Update |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to latest update |
| |
New documents are added to EMBiology every week. If you limit to Latest Update you will restrict retrieval to documents which were added to the database in the most recent database update. |
| Local Holdings |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to local holdings |
| |
A limit to local holdings will restrict retrieval to documents from journals held in your local library or library system. If your System Administrator has created any special messages about a journal's availability, this message will display with the document in the Local Messages (LM) field. |
| Ovid Full Text Available |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to ovid full text available |
| |
A limit to Ovid Full Text Available will restrict retrieval to those citations for which an Ovid full text link is available. When viewing a citation with full text available use the LINK button to display the full text. |
| Plant |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to plant |
| |
A limit to Plants will restrict retrieval to one or more of the Plant taxa indexed in EMBiology. If you choose Plants you will be presented with a list of Plant taxa from which to select (note: other Plant taxa are available from the thesaurus). |
| Proceeding |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to proceeding |
| |
A limit to Proceeding will restrict retrieval to records with summaries of conferences, meetings, seminars, or workshops. |
| Prokaryote |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to prokaryote |
| |
A limit to Prokaryotes will restrict retrieval to one or more of the Prokaryote taxa indexed in EMBiology. If you choose Prokaryotes you will be presented with a list of Prokaryote taxa from which to select (note: other Prokaryote taxa are available from the thesaurus). |
| Protist |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to protist |
| |
A limit to Protists will restrict retrieval to one or more of the Protist taxa indexed in EMBiology. If you choose Protists you will be presented with a list of Protist taxa from which to select (note: other Protist taxa are available from the thesaurus). |
| Publication Types |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to review
limit 1 to article
limit 1 book |
| |
A limit to Publication Types will restrict retrieval to one or more of the selected article types such as:
| Abstract Report |
|
Note |
| Article |
|
Patent |
| Book |
|
Proceeding |
| Conference Paper |
|
Report |
| Editorial |
|
Review |
| Erratum |
|
Short Survey |
| Letter |
|
|
|
| Publication Year |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to yr=2005 |
| Command Syntax: |
..l/1 yr=2004 |
| |
A limit to Publication Year will restrict retrieval to a publication year. After you chose Publication Year... you will be prompted to enter a year. Use the 4-digit form of year. |
| Vascular Plants |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to Vascular Plants |
| |
A limit to Vascular Plants will restrict retrieval to one or more of the Vascular Plant taxa indexed in EMBiology. If you choose Vascular Plants you will be presented with a list of Vascular Plant taxa from which to select (note: other Vascular Plant taxa are available from the thesaurus). |
| Vertebrates |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to Vertebrates |
| |
A limit to Vertebrates will restrict retrieval to one or more of the Vertebrate taxa indexed in EMBiology. If you choose Vertebrates you will be presented with a list of Vertebrate taxa from which to select (note: other Vertebrate taxa are available from the thesaurus). |
| Virus |
Sentence Syntax: |
limit 1 to virus |
| |
A limit to Virus will restrict retrieval to items indexed with any of the organisms classified within the "Viruses (infective agents)" facet of the thesaurus. |
| Go: Menu or Back |
| Sample 1 |
Accession Number
2005169267
Authors
Wang P. Heitman J.
Institution
P. Wang, The Research Institute for Children,
Department of Pediatrics,
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,
New Orleans, LA 70118; United States.
E-Mail: [email protected].
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The cyclophilins.
Source
Genome Biology. Vol. 6(7), 2005. Article Number: 226.
Subject Headings
protein family
protein localization
enzyme activity
prokaryote
eukaryote
drug targeting
genetic transcription
cell function
signal transduction
review
*cyclophilin
fk 506 binding protein
cyclophilin A
cyclosporin A
calcineurin
cytokine
chaperone
immunophilin
parvulin
unclassified drug
Organism Term
cellular organisms
Prokaryota
Eukaryota
Arabidopsis
Saccharomyces
Mammalia
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Enzyme Commission (EC) number 5.1.2.8) belong to a group of
proteins that have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity; such proteins
are collectively known as immunophilins and also include the FK-506-binding
proteins and the parvulins. Cyclophilins are found in all cells of all
organisms studied, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes; humans have a total of
16 cyclophilin proteins, Arabidopsis up to 29 and Saccharomyces 8. The first
member of the cyclophilins to be identified in mammals, cyclophilin A, is the
major cellular target for, and thus mediates the actions of, the
immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Cyclophilin A forms a ternary complex
with cyclosporin A and the calcium-calmodulin-activated serine/threonine-
specific protein phosphatase calcineurin; formation of this complex prevents
calcineurin from regulating cytokine gene transcription. Recent studies have
implicated a diverse array of additional cellular functions for cyclophilins,
including roles as chaperones and in cell signaling. copyright 2005 BioMed
Central Ltd.
Number of References
72
CAS Registry Numbers
126043-36-5 (cyclophilin). 59865-13-3, 63798-73-2 (cyclosporin A).
137951-12-3 calcineurin).
Enzyme Commission Numbers
5.2.1.8(cyclophilin).
ISSN
1465-6906
Language
English
Summary Language
English
Publication Type
Journal: Review
Entry Week
200530
*COPYRIGHT ELSEVIER B.V. 2005 - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED* |
| Sample 2 |
Accession Number
2005166574
Authors
Poubom CFN. Awah ET. Tchuanyo M. Tengoua F.
Institution
E.T. Awah, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development,
P.M.B. 25, Ekona, Buea; Cameroon. E-Mail: [email protected].
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Farmers' perceptions of cassava pests and indigenous control methods in
Cameroon.
Source
International Journal of Pest Management. Vol. 51(2)(pp 157-164), 2005.
Subject Headings
*cassava
*perception
*agricultural worker
*plague
*Cameroon
vertebrate
grasshopper
arthropod
root rot
weed
education
anthracnose
mosaicism
harvesting
maturity
mite
Tetranychidae
bacterial blight
fallow
intoxication
forest
Acari
Organism Term
Manihot esculenta
Vertebrata
Arthropoda
Acari
Tetranychidae
Mononychellus progresivus
Mononychellus tanajoa
Stictococcus vayssierei
Hemiptera
Stictococcidae
Abstract
A survey of farmers' views on cassava pests was conducted in 61 locations in
four cassava-producing agro-ecological zones in Cameroon. Farmers in all zones
considered vertebrates, grasshoppers and cassava root rot as their most
important pest and disease constraints. Weeds, although cited in all zones,
received relatively low ratings. Damage caused by the cassava green mite (CGM)
[Mononychellus tanajoa Bondar (Acari: Tetranychidae)], was recognized but its
cause was unknown. The cassava root scale [(Stictococcus vayssierei Richard
(Homoptera: Stictococcidae)] was important only in the semi-humid forest zone.
Farmers control pests using cultural methods including trapping, scaring,
poisoning and burning for vertebrates, hand picking for grasshoppers, and
burning, hand weeding and long fallows for weeds. In most cases, root rot
occurred after cassava reached maturity, and farmers recognized the importance
of timely harvesting to control crop losses. Cassava diseases such as cassava
mosaic disease(CMD), cassava anthracnose disease (CAD), and cassava bacterial
blight (CBB), although recognized, were not considered as serious constraints.
However, entomologists and the other researchers found CGM to be the most
important arthropod pest overall, causing serious damage to cassava. Damage due
to vertebrates was also found but not to the extent that farmers reported. It
was apparent that farmers considered highly visible pests such as vertebrates
and grasshoppers more important than less visible ones such as CGM. The need to
educate farmers about small arthropod pests and their damage/importance was
clear. Therefore IPM programmes aimed at cassava pests should involve
consideration both of the importance farmers attach to each pest and of the
education farmers receive concerning the prevailing pest situation.
copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.
Number of References
20
ISSN
0967-0874
Electronic ISSN
1366-5863
Language
English
Summary Language
English
Publication Type
Journal: Article
Entry Week
200530
*COPYRIGHT ELSEVIER B.V. 2005 - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED* |
| Sample 3 |
Accession Number
2005177087
Authors
Israelsson O. Budd GE.
Institution
O. Israelsson, Museum of Evolution,
Uppsala University,
Norbyvagen 16, 752 36 Uppsala; Sweden.
E-Mail: [email protected].
Country of Publication
Germany
Title
Eggs and embryos in Xenoturbella (phylum uncertain) are not ingested
prey.
Source
Development Genes & Evolution. Vol. 215(7)(pp 358-363), 2005.
Subject Headings
*embryo development
egg
embryonal tissue
polymerase chain reaction
in situ hybridization
ultrastructure
staining
in vivo study
DNA replication
gene replication
immunohistochemistry
prey
animal embryo
nonhuman
controlled study
animal tissue
embryo
article
nucleotide sequence
priority journal
broxuridine
Organism Term
Xenoturbella
Animalia
Nucula
Abstract
Xenoturbella is an enigmatic animal that has puzzled science for almost a
century. The eggs and embryos found in Xenoturbella have recently been
interpreted as ingested prey. However, PCR on individual eggs as well as in
situ hybridisation and in situ PCR unambiguously show that they are
Xenoturbella's own. The eggs and embryos are individually enclosed within
follicles with the same ultrastructure. The cortical granules in oocytes and
eggs from Xenoturbella but not Nucula stained positively with an antiserum
against Reissner's substance. The embryos incorporated 5-bromodeoxyuridine
in vivo, i.e. they replicate their genome and re living.
copyright Springer-Verlag 2005.
Number of References
14
CAS Registry Numbers
59-14-3 (broxuridine).
ISSN
0949-944X
Language
English
Summary Language
English
Publication Type
Journal: Article
Entry Week
200531
Molecular Sequence Number
(B)GENBANK: AY461792, (B)GENBANK: AY461793, (B)GENBANK: AY461794,
(B)GENBANK: AY461795, (B)GENBANK: AY461796, (B)GENBANK: AY461797,
(B)GENBANK: AY461798
*COPYRIGHT ELSEVIER B.V. 2005 - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED* |
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