| Label |
Name / Example |
| AB |
Abstract [Word Indexed] (BRNI Only)
work.ab.
abandoned.ab. |
| |
The Abstract (AB) field contains a summary of the document.
The Abstract Index contains all searchable words from the abstract.
The Abstract (AB) index is for (brni) only. |
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| AN |
Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]
63529.an.
259.an. |
|
The Accession Number (AN) field contains the number assigned by BNI Publications to uniquely identify a particular record. |
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| AU |
Author [Phrase Indexed]
zerwekh j.au.
zerwekh$.au. |
| |
The Author (AU) field contains personal author names. The format for authors is last name followed by one or more initials: Smith JC or Smith J.
Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name (macdonald or mcdonald), enter one version and then scroll through the list of names to find the other. |
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| DE |
Non-Thesaurus Subject Headings [Display Only] |
|
The Non-Thesaurus Subject Headings (DE) field displays terms no longer used by the current BNI Thesaurus, but that were used some time in the past. |
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| DP |
Date of Publication [Display Only] |
|
The Date of Publication (DP) field contains the date of publication
for an article. This field displays as part of the Source (SO)
field. |
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| HW |
Heading Words [Word Indexed]
culture.hw. |
|
The Heading Words (HW) field contains a word indexed list of all current and discontinued subject headings.
This includes the index for Non-Thesaurus Subject Headings (DE). |
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| IP |
Issue Part [Phrase Indexed]
"3".ip. |
|
The Issue (IP) index consists of the issue of a serial publication. The IP field is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field. |
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| IS |
ISSN [Phrase Indexed] (BRNI Only)
1462-138x.is. |
| |
The ISSN (IS) field contains the standard ISSN number of the journal.
The ISSN (IS) field is for (brni) only. |
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| JN |
Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
nursing times.jn. |
| |
The Journal Name (JN) index contains abbreviated name of the journal in which the article was published.
Journal names are indexed as phrases, so enter enough letters of the journal name to locate the name in the index: j social policy.jn. (for Journal of Social Policy). |
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| JX |
Journal Word [Word Indexed]
obstetrics.jx. |
| |
The Journal Word (JX) field contains individual words from the journal name.
This field is used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a particular word such as “nursing.” |
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| LH |
Locally Held [Display Only] |
| |
The Locally Held (LH) field indicates (with a "Y" or an "N") if a journal is held locally. |
| Back |
| LM |
Local Messages [Display Only] |
| |
The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by the System Administrator to indicate information about journals held in your local library system. |
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| PP |
Pagination [Word Indexed]
"44-45".pp. |
| |
Displays only in Source (SO). |
| Back |
| SH |
Subject Headings [Phrase Indexed]
psychiatric disorders.sh. |
| |
The Subject Headings (SH) field contains all current and discontinued terms used to describe an article. |
| Back |
| SO |
Source [Phrase Indexed]
stroke.so. |
| |
The Source (SO) field contains the citation information for the record. It is created from the Journal Name (JN), Date of Publication (DP), Volume (VO), Issue Part (IP) and Pagination (PP). |
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| TI |
Title [Word Indexed]
bone marrow.ti. |
| |
The Title (TI) field contains the title of the document. In some cases the title field will contain the number of references in the article. |
| Back |
| UP |
Update Code [Phrase Indexed] (BRNI Only)
"201104".up.
"201103".up. |
| |
The Update Code (UP) is in YYYY or YYYYMM format, where YYYY is the 4 digit year and MM is the month of the update.
The Update Code (UP) fields and index is for (brni) only. |
| Back |
| VO |
Volume [Word Indexed]
"7".vo. |
| |
The Volume (VO) index consists of the volume of a serial publication. The VO field is Displayed as part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| YR |
Year of Publication [Word Indexed]
"1996".yr. |
| |
The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the year the article was printed. |
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| You can use special search syntax to combine search terms or strategically develop a search. |
| Operator |
Syntax |
Search Example |
Sample Results |
| OR |
x or y |
vitamin c or ascorbic acid |
"initial effects of iron and vitamin C" |
|
The OR operator retrieves records that contain any or all of the search terms. For example, the search heart attack or myocardial infarction retrieves results that contain the terms heart attack, myocardial infarction or both terms; results are all inclusive. You can use the OR operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| AND |
x and y |
minerals and supplements |
"Vitamins, minerals and supplements, part 3" |
|
The AND operator retrieves only those records that include all of the search terms. For example, the search blood pressure and stroke retrieves results that contain the term blood pressure and the term stroke together in the same record; results are exclusive of records that do not contain both of these terms.
You can use the AND operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| NOT |
x not y |
vitamin c not ascorbic acid |
"Vitamin C: friend or foe?" |
|
The NOT operator retrieves records that contain the first search term and excludes the second search term. For example, the search health reform not health maintenance organizations retrieves only those records that contain the term health reform but excludes the term health maintenance organizations. In this way, you can use the NOT operator to restrict results to a specific topic.
You can use the NOT operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| Adjacency (ADJ) |
x y |
therapy dog |
"Using a therapy dog to alleviate the agitation and desocialization of people with Alzheimer's disease" |
|
The Adjacent operator (ADJ) retrieves records with search terms next to each other.You do not need to separate search terms manually by inserting ADJ between them, because when you separate terms with a space on the command line, Ovid automatically searches for the terms adjacent to one another. For example, the search blood pressure is identical to the search blood adj pressure. |
| Defined Adjacency (ADJn) |
x ADJn y |
therapy adj3 animal |
"Animal-assisted therapy: a modality of treatment for the patient with spinal cord injury" |
|
The defined adjacency operator (ADJn) retrieves records that contain search terms within a specified number (n) of words from each other in any order. To use the adjacency operator, separate your search terms with ADJ and a number from 1 to 99. For example, the search physician adj5 relationship retrieves records that contain the words physician and relationship within five words of each other in either direction. This particular search retrieves records containing such phrases as physician patient relationship, patient physician relationship, or relationship of the physician to the patient. |
| Frequency (FREQ) |
x.ab./FREQ=n |
blood.ab. /freq=4 |
"An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to blood donation" |
|
The frequency operator (FREQ) lets you specify a threshold of occurrence of a term in the records retrieved from your search. Records containing your search term are retrieved only if the term occurs at least the specified (n) number of times. In general, records that contain many instances of your search term are more relevant than records that contain fewer instances. The frequency operator is particularly useful when searching a text field, such as Abstract or Full Text, for a common word or phrase. |
| Unlimited Truncation ($) |
x$ |
rat$ |
"team impact on repetition rates and discharge outcomes" |
|
Unlimited truncation retrieves all possible suffix variations of the root word indicated. To apply unlimited truncation to a term, type the root word or phrase followed by either of the truncation characters: $ (dollar sign) or : (colon). For example, in the truncated search disease$, Ovid retrieves the word disease as well as the words diseases, diseased, and more. |
| Limited Truncation ($) |
x$n |
dog$1 |
"The healing power of dogs: Cocoa's story" |
|
Limited truncation specifies a maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase. For example, the truncated search dog$1 retrieves results with the words dog and dogs; but it does not retrieve results with the word dogma. |
| Mandated Wildcard (#) |
xx#y |
wom#n |
"Yummy mummies: hijacking motherhood and undermining women?" |
|
Searching with a mandated wildcard retrieves all possible variations of a word in which the wildcard is present in the specified place. You can use it at the end of a term to limit results to only those that contain the word plus the mandated character. For example, the search dog# retrieves results that contain the word dogs, but not those that contain the word dog, effectively limiting results to only those that contain the plural form of the word. The mandated wild card character (#) is also useful for retrieving specialized plural forms of a word. For example, the search wom#n retrieves results that contain both woman and women. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. |
| Optional Wildcard (?) |
xx?y |
colo?r |
"Using colour to improve care environments" |
|
The optional wild card character (?) can be used within or at the end of a search term to substitute for one or no characters. This wild card is useful for retrieving documents with British and American word variants since it specifies that you want retrieval whether or not the extra character is present. For example, the optional wild card search colo?r retrieves results that contain the words color or colour. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. |
| Literal String ("") |
"x / y" |
"Yes / No" |
"Does public opinion matter? Yes, no, don't know." |
| "n" |
"3".vo |
"Br J Primary Care Nursing. 2006 Mar. 3(2). pp. 81-2." |
|
Quotation marks can be used to retrieve records that contain literal strings,
when the string includes special characters, such as a forward slash (/).
Quotation marks can also be used to retrieve records that contain numbers
that may otherwise be confused for earlier searches. In the example, a
search for 3.vo would limit the string from your third search in your search
history to the volume field. By including the number in quotation marks,
the search will retrieve documents with a 3 in the volume number. |
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