| Label |
Name / Example |
| AB |
Abstract [Word Indexed]
suicide.ab.
social work.ab. |
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The Abstract (AB) field contains a brief description of the information represented in the record.
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| AF |
All Searchable Fields [Search Alias]
activity.af. |
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All Fields (AF) is an alias for all of the fields which occur in the source documents, including value-added fields such as
Subject Heading (SH).
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| AN |
Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]
254.an.
20177.an. |
| |
The Accession Number (AN) field contains a unique number that SWAB assigns to each record. The number in this field is between 1 and 5 digits long.
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| AU |
Authors [Phrase Indexed]
smith$.au.
york as.au. |
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The Authors (AU) field identifies the person(s) responsible for the intellectual content of the document.
Using "smith$.au." as your search term retrieves "smith," "smithbattle," and "smither."
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| BA |
Parent Book Authors [Phrase Indexed]
morris v.ba. |
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The Parent Book Authors (BA) field is present in chapter records and indicates the author of the book in which the chapter appears.
The BA field displays as a part of the Source (SO) field. |
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| BE |
Parent Book Editors [Phrase Indexed]
fraser mw.be |
| |
The Parent Book Editor (BE) field is present in chapter records and indicates the editor of the book in which the chapter appears.
The BE field displays as a part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| BT |
Parent Book Title [Word Indexed]
aging.bt. |
| |
The Parent Book Title (BT) field is present in chapter records and indicates the title of the book in which the chapter appears.
The BT field displays as a part of the Source (SO) field. |
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| CA |
Corporate Author [Word Indexed]
institute.ca.
public welfare.ca. |
| |
The Corporate Author (CA) field contains the names of organizations responsible for the authorship of a document.
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| CC |
Classification Code [Phrase Indexed]
special populations.cc. |
| |
The Classification Code (CC) field contains a phrase and a 4-digit code that represent the general focus of the article. You can search for either the phrase or the code.
See the list of Classification Codes in the Field Guide for more information about specific classification codes and phrases.
The CC field is phrase indexed.
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| CW |
Classification Code Word [Word Indexed]
children.cw. |
| |
You may wish to retrieve every Classification Code that includes a particular word or words. This is done by searching the desired word(s) in the Classification Code Word (CW) field.
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| DA |
Dissertation Affiliation [Word Indexed]
fordham.da.
wisconsin-madison.da. |
| |
For records that cite dissertations, the Dissertation Affiliation (DA) field contains the educational institute with which the author is affiliated, as well as the degree and the year granted.
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| DO |
Digital Object Identifier [Phrase Indexed]
http.do.
jchildyouth201107001.do.
|
| |
The Digital Object Identifier (DO) field contains the registered DOI for electronic documents. These DOIs may allow full text access.
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| ED |
Editors [Phrase Indexed]
ewalt pl.ed. |
| |
The Editors (ED) field contains the name(s), of the editor(s) of the original document.
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| HC |
Hard Copy [Word Indexed] |
| |
If the original article is from the print Social Work Abstracts journal, the Hard Copy (HC) field cites the volume, issue, and page number. Citations prior to 1994 are from Social Work Research and Abstracts Journal, the precursor to Social Work Abstracts.
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| HW |
Heading Word [Word Indexed]
abduction.hw. |
| |
The Heading Word (HW) field allows you to retrieve every subject heading that includes a particular word or exact phrase.
Searching "Great Britain" returns results with the phrase "Great Britain" in the heading. Searching "great" returns all entries with "great" in the heading, including entries with "Great Britain.
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| IB |
ISBN [Phrase Indexed]
"1 59147 066 8".ib. |
| |
The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number as assigned by the publisher.
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| IN |
Institution [Word Indexed]
fordham.in.
wisconsin-madison.in. |
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The Institution (IN) field contains the first author's affiliation(s) and may also include first author's e-mail address.
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| IP |
Issue/Part [Word Indexed]
"102".ip. |
| |
The Issue/Part (IP) field contains the issue, supplement, or part number.
The IP field displays as part of the Source (SO) field. |
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| IS |
ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
1044-3894.is.
1343-3407.is. |
| |
The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number as assigned by the publisher. This number uniquely identifies the serial or journal and facilitates ordering.
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| JN |
Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
youth & society.jn.
new england journal of medicine.jn. |
| |
The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which the article was published.
The JN field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.
Using "family$.jn." as your search term retrieves "Family Preservation Journal," "Family Practice Research Journal," and "Family Relations," among others.
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| JX |
Journal Word [Word Indexed]
families.jx.
new england.jx. |
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The Journal Word (JX) field contains individual words from every journal name in SWAB.
The JX field is word indexed. |
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| PG |
Pagination [Word Indexed]
10$.pg.
10-13.pg. |
| |
The Pagination (PG) field contains the initial and final pages of a document.
The PG field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.
Using "10$.pg." as your search term retrieves "10," "106," and "1057," among others.
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| PP |
Place of Publication [Word Indexed]
scotia.pp. |
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The Place of Publication (PP) field contains the city, state, or country where the document was published.
This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| PT |
Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
book.pt. |
| |
The Publication Type (PT) field identifies the general type of document. Publication Types are also available as limits.
Publication Types include:
- Journal
- Book
- Chapter
- Dissertation
- Commentary
- Editorial
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| PU |
Publisher Information [Word Indexed]
psychological.pu. |
| |
The Publisher Information (PU) field is present in book records and contains the name of the publisher of the document.
The PU field displays as part of the Source (SO) field. |
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| SH |
Subject Heading [Phrase Indexed]
marketing.sh.
marketing research.sh. |
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The Subject Heading (SH) field contains controlled vocabulary terms that describe the content of the document.
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| SO |
Source [Display Only] |
| |
The Source (SO) field contains bibliographic information for a document/journal including the journal name, volume number, issue number, pagination, publisher information, place of publication, parent book authors, parent book editors, parent book title and year of publication.
Source is not included in Dissertation records. |
| Back |
| ST |
Series Title [Word Indexed]
columbia.st. |
| |
The Series Title (ST) field contains the title of the series of a publication.
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| TI |
Title [Word Indexed]
families.ti.
maine.ti. |
| |
The Title (TI) field contains the full, original title of a document, article, dissertation affiliation, and/or publication in English.
For documents not originally written in English, the TI field contains the original or transliterated title.
The translated title displays in the Translated Title (TT) field.
Using "famil$.ti." as your search term retrieves "family," "families," and "multiple-family," among others. |
| Back |
| TT |
Translated Title [Word Indexed]
children.tt.
practice.tt. |
| |
The Translated Title (TT) field contains the translated title for documents, articles, and/or publications originally published in a language other than English.
The original title displays in the Title (TI) field. |
| Back |
| VO |
Volume [Phrase Indexed]
"25".vo.
"452".vo. |
| |
The Volume (VO) field contains the volume of the periodical that contains the article.
The VO field displays in the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| UP |
Update Code [Phrase Indexed]
20101200
.up. |
| |
The Update Code (UP) field is available in all records and contains the date the record was released into the database. It consists of 8 digits, in YYYYMMDD format, where YYYY is the release year, MM is the approximate release month and DD is the approximate release day.
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| XH |
Catalog Holdings [Display Only] |
| |
The Catalog Holdings (XH) field indicates (with a "Y" or an "N") whether a journal is held at your local library. |
| Back |
| YR |
Year of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
"1985".yr.
"2010".yr. |
|
The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the four-digit year in which the original document was published.
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| You can use special search syntax listed below to combine search terms or strategically develop a search. Full documentation is provided in the Advanced Searching Techniques section of the Online Help. |
| Operator |
Syntax |
Search Example |
| OR |
x or y |
divorce or separation |
|
The OR operator retrieves records that contain any or all of the search terms. For example, the search heart attack or myocardial infarction retrieves results that contain the terms heart attack, myocardial infarction or both terms; results are all inclusive. You can use the OR operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| AND |
x and y |
abduction and trauma |
|
The AND operator retrieves only those records that include all of the search terms. For example, the search blood pressure and stroke retrieves results that contain the term blood pressure and the term stroke together in the same record; results are exclusive of records that do not contain both of these terms.
You can use the AND operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| NOT |
x not y |
separation not divorce |
|
The NOT operator retrieves records that contain the first search term and excludes the second search term. For example, the search health reform not health maintenance organizations retrieves only those records that contain the term health reform but excludes the term health maintenance organizations. In this way, you can use the NOT operator to restrict results to a specific topic.
You can use the NOT operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| Adjacency (ADJ) |
x y |
Suicidal ideation |
|
The Adjacent operator (ADJ) retrieves records with search terms next to each other in that specific order. You do not need to separate search terms manually by inserting ADJ between them, because when you separate terms with a space on the command line, Ovid automatically searches for the terms adjacent to one another. For example, the search blood pressure is identical to the search blood adj pressure. |
| Defined Adjacency (ADJn) |
x ADJn y |
race adj5 gender |
|
The defined adjacency operator (ADJn) retrieves records that contain search terms within a specified number (n-1) of words from each other in any order (stop-words included). To use the adjacency operator, separate your search terms with ADJ and a number from 1 to 99 as explained below:
ADJ1 Next to each other, in any order
ADJ2 Next to each other, in any order, up to 1 word in between
ADJ3 Next to each other, in any order, up to 2 words in between
ADJ99 Next to each other, in any order, up to 98 words in between
For example, the search physician adj5 relationship retrieves records that contain the words physician and relationship with a maximum of four words in between in either direction. This particular search retrieves records containing such phrases as physician patient relationship, patient physician relationship, or relationship between cancer patient and physician.
Please note Ovid’s order of operation handles terms within parentheses first. Therefore it is recommended to apply the ADJn operator in one-on-one operations to avoid missing out on results. E.g. stroke adj4 (blood pressure or high blood pressure) could potentially miss out on some combinations of stroke with high blood pressure. The optimum way to execute this on Ovid is: (stroke adj4 blood pressure) OR (stroke adj4 high blood pressure). |
| Frequency (FREQ) |
x.ab./FREQ=n |
blood.ab. /freq=5 |
|
The frequency operator (FREQ) lets you specify a threshold of occurrence of a term in the records retrieved from your search. Records containing your search term are retrieved only if the term occurs at least the specified (n) number of times. In general, records that contain many instances of your search term are more relevant than records that contain fewer instances. The frequency operator is particularly useful when searching a text field, such as Abstract or Full Text, for a common word or phrase. |
| Unlimited Truncation ($) |
x$ |
rat$ |
|
Unlimited
truncation retrieves all possible suffix variations of the root word
indicated. To apply unlimited truncation to a term, type the root word
or phrase followed by either of the truncation characters: $ (dollar sign) or * (asterisk). For example, in the truncated search rat*, Ovid retrieves the word rat as well as the words rats, and more. |
| Limited Truncation ($) |
x$n |
dog$1 |
|
Limited truncation specifies a maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase. For example, the truncated search dog$1 retrieves results with the words dog and dogs; but it does not retrieve results with the word dogma. |
| Mandated Wildcard (#) |
xx#y |
wom#n |
|
Searching with a mandated wildcard retrieves all possible variations of a word in which the wildcard is present in the specified place. You can use it at the end of a term to limit results to only those that contain the word plus the mandated character. For example, the search dog# retrieves results that contain the word dogs, but not those that contain the word dog, effectively limiting results to only those that contain the plural form of the word. The mandated wild card character (#) is also useful for retrieving specialized plural forms of a word. For example, the search wom#n retrieves results that contain both woman and women. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. |
| Optional Wildcard (?) |
xx?y |
colo?r |
|
The optional wild card character (?) can be used within or at the end of a search term to substitute for one or no characters. This wild card is useful for retrieving documents with British and American word variants since it specifies that you want retrieval whether or not the extra character is present. For example, the optional wild card search colo?r retrieves results that contain the words color or colour. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. |
| Literal String ("") |
"x / y" |
"racial/ethnic residential" |
| "n" |
"3".vo |
|
Quotation marks can be used to retrieve records that contain literal strings,
when the string includes special characters, such as a forward slash (/).
Quotation marks can also be used to retrieve records that contain numbers
that may otherwise be confused for earlier searches. In the example, a
search for 3.vo would limit the string from your third search in your search
history to the volume field. By including the number in quotation marks,
the search will retrieve documents with a 3 in the volume number. |
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