| Label |
Name / Example |
| AB |
Abstract [Word Indexed]
trauma.ab. |
|
The Abstract (AB) field contains the English-language abstract. This field may also contain abstracts in German, Spanish, or French.
Stopwords such as "the" and "of" are not searchable. |
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| AR |
Associated Record Number [Phrase Indexed]
"1034438".ar. |
|
The Associated Record Number (AR) field contains a unique PIN number assigned to every book and chapter. This number may be searched to retrieve all chapters from a particular book. This field is available in records from 1981 to present. |
| Back |
| AN |
Accession Number [Phrase Indexed]
213006c.an. |
|
The Accession Number (AN) field contains a unique identifier assigned to each record in the database. The number may be alphanumeric or numeric, such as 24c.an or 2862939.an. |
| Back |
| AU |
Author [Phrase Indexed]
smith g.au. |
|
The Author (AU) field contains the names of individual persons responsible for creating the document represented by the record. If all authors are not included, the last name listed is followed by "et al."
The specific function performed by the person or persons in the creation of the document will be noted in parentheses. These functions include:
| Annotator |
|
Discussant |
|
Photographs |
| Authorship |
|
Editor |
|
Reviewer |
| Comments by |
|
Foreword |
|
Speech by |
| Compiler |
|
Illustrator |
|
Statement by |
| Contributor |
|
Interviewer |
|
Subject of work |
| Dedicatee |
|
Introduction |
|
Translator |
|
| Back |
| BT |
Book Title [Word Indexed]
Korean stock market.ti. |
|
The Book Title field (BT) contains the title of the book. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.
Stopwords such as "of" or "the" are not searchable. However, the word "a," which is a stopword in other fields, can be searched. |
| Back |
| CA |
Corporate Author [Phrase Indexed]
garrison family.ca. |
|
The Corporate Author (CA) field contains the names of organizations responsible for creating the document represented by the record.
The specific function performed by the organization or organizations in the creation of the document will be noted in parentheses. These functions include:
| Annotator |
|
Discussant |
|
Photographs |
| Authorship |
|
Editor |
|
Reviewer |
| Comments by |
|
Foreword |
|
Speech by |
| Compiler |
|
Illustrator |
|
Statement by |
| Contributor |
|
Interviewer |
|
Subject of work |
| Dedicatee |
|
Introduction |
|
Translator |
|
| Back |
| DO |
DOI [Phrase Indexed]
"10 1007 s00712 005 0118 x".do. |
|
The DOI (DO) field contains the registered digital object identifier for electronic documents. |
| Back |
| DP |
Date of Publication [Display Only]
|
|
The Date of Publication (DP) field contains the month/season and year in which the document was published. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| ES |
Series Editor [Word Indexed]
schuman.es. |
|
The Series Editor (ES) field contains the personal or organizational name of the editor of the series. This field displays as part of the Series Information (ST) field.
The specific function performed by the person or organization will be noted in parentheses. |
| Back |
| GH |
Geographic Heading [Phrase Indexed]
saarland.gh. |
|
The Geographic Heading (GH) field contains geographic terms that describe the content of the document. |
| Back |
| HW |
Heading Word [Word Indexed]
kabbalah.hw. |
|
The Heading Word (HW) field allows you to retrieve every subject heading or geographic heading that includes a particular word or exact phrase. |
| Back |
| IB |
ISBN [Phrase Indexed]
5010016877.ib. |
|
The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number as assigned by the publisher. |
| Back |
| IN |
Institution [Phrase Indexed]
Coventry Business School.in. |
|
The Institution (IN) field contains the author's name and affiliation, when available. The institution name appears in the language of the country in which the institution is located, such as Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Use truncation or include the entire name when searching the index, such as University of London. |
| Back |
| IP |
Issue/Part [Word Indexed]
"503".ip. |
|
The Issue/Part field (IP) contains the issue and/or part for a particular volume of a publication. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| IS |
ISSN [Phrase Indexed]
8756 6222.is. |
|
The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Standard Serial Number for the journal in which an article was published. It appears as a number separated by a hyphen. |
| Back |
| JN |
Journal Name [Phrase Indexed]
anthropol.jn. |
|
The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which an article was published. To search for a particular word, use the Journal Word (JX) index.
A full list of available journals is available from the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences website, or can be downloaded from this link: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/IBSS/word_docs/Journals%20A_Z%202006.xls.
This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.
Stopwords such as "of" are included, but when "The", "A", or "An," is the first word of a journal, it has been removed. |
| Back |
| JU |
Journal URL [Word Indexed]
|
|
The Journal URL (JU) field contains the URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
for the journal. This field does not currently contain data. |
| Back |
| JX |
Journal Word [Word Indexed]
qantara.jx. |
|
The Journal Word (JX) field contains individual words from every journal name.
Stopwords such as "the" or "of" are not included. This field is used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a particular word, such as "social." |
| Back |
| KW |
Keywords [Display Only] |
|
The Keywords (KW) field contains entries from the subject heading that are not actual terms in the Thesaurus. The entries that display in this field can be searched in the Subject Headings (SH) field. |
| Back |
| LG |
Language [Phrase Indexed]
french.lg. |
|
The Language (LG) field contains the language of the original document. Languages are also available as limits. |
| Back |
| LM |
Local Messages [Display Only] |
|
The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by
your Ovid System administrator to indicate holdings information about journals
held in your library or institution. |
| Back |
| LS |
Language of Summary [Phrase Indexed]
hebrew.ls. |
|
The Language of Summary (LS) field contains the languages in which the summary is written. |
| Back |
| NP |
Number of Pages [Display Only] |
|
The Number of Pages (NP) field contains the total number of pages in a publication. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| NT |
Notes [Word Indexed]
habana.nt. |
|
The Notes (NT) field contains notes about a publication. |
| Back |
| OT |
Original Title [Word Indexed]
iadro.ot. |
|
The Original Title (OT) field contains the original title of the document. The English-language title appears in the Title (TI) field. |
| Back |
| PG |
Pagination [Word Indexed]
"7".pg. |
|
The Pagination (PG) field consists of the inclusive pagination of the document. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| PP |
Place of Publication [Word Indexed]
rome.pp. |
|
The Place of Publication (PP) field contains the city, state, or country where the document was published. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| PT |
Publication Type [Phrase Indexed]
book.pt. |
|
The Publication Type (PT) field identifies the general type of document. Publication Types are also available as limits. Publication Types include Article, Book, Chapter, Journal, Review, and Special Issue. |
| Back |
| PU |
Publisher Information [Word Indexed]
gabesana.pu. |
|
The Publisher Information (PU) field contains the name of the publisher of the document. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| SB |
Subset [Phrase Indexed]
anthropology.sb. |
|
The Subset (SB) field identifies the general subject area of the document. Subsets are also available as limits. Subsets include Anthropology,
Economics,
Sociology, and
Politics. |
| Back |
| SH |
Subject Heading [Phrase Indexed]
j baudrillard.sh. |
|
The Subject Heading (SH) field contains terms that describe the content of the document. |
| Back |
| SO |
Source [Phrase Indexed]
j abnorm soc psychol.so. |
|
The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the journal name or monograph publisher, the volume/issue, pagination, and year of publication.
The fields which comprise the Source field are Book Title (BT), Journal Name (JN), Issue/Part (IP), Pagination (PG), Number of Pages (NP), Place of Publication (PP), Publisher Information (PU), Volume (VO), DOI (DO), and Date of Publication (DP). |
| Back |
| ST |
Series Information [Word Indexed]
daujourdhui.st. |
|
The Series Information (ST) field contains the title of the series of a publication. |
| Back |
| TI |
Title [Word Indexed]
darker.ti. |
|
The Title (TI) field contains the title of the document in English. For documents which were not written in English, the original title can be searched in the Original Title (OT) index.
Stopwords such as "of" or "the" are not searchable. However, the word "a," which is a stopword in other fields, can be searched. |
| Back |
| UP |
Update Code [Phrase Indexed]
20060415.up. |
|
The Update Code (UP) field contains the date the citation was loaded into the database. The date is formatted YYYYMMDD. |
| Back |
| UR |
URL [Word Indexed]
yuval.ur. |
|
The URL (UR) field contains the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) where an online version of the document, a full-text version of the document, or additional information is available. |
| Back |
| VO |
Volume [Word Indexed]
"7".vo. |
|
The Volume (VO) field contains the volume of the publication. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field. |
| Back |
| YR |
Year of Publication [Phrase Indexed]
2005.yr. |
|
The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the year in which the document was published. The year may be searched using four digits, such as 2004.yr. Years of Publication are also available as limits. |
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| You can use special search syntax to combine search terms or strategically develop a search. |
| Operator |
Syntax |
Search Example |
Sample Results |
| OR |
x or y |
bronze age or stone age |
"Middle Bronze II culture of Palestine" |
|
The OR operator retrieves records that contain any or all of the search terms. For example, the search heart attack or myocardial infarction retrieves results that contain the terms heart attack, myocardial infarction or both terms; results are all inclusive. You can use the OR operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| AND |
x and y |
roman and greek |
"alloys used by the Greek, Etruscan and Roman civilizations" |
|
The AND operator retrieves only those records that include all of the search terms. For example, the search blood pressure and stroke retrieves results that contain the term blood pressure and the term stroke together in the same record; results are exclusive of records that do not contain both of these terms.
You can use the AND operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| NOT |
x not y |
precolumbian not mexico |
"five precolumbian Peruvian cultures" |
|
The NOT operator retrieves records that contain the first search term and excludes the second search term. For example, the search health reform not health maintenance organizations retrieves only those records that contain the term health reform but excludes the term health maintenance organizations. In this way, you can use the NOT operator to restrict results to a specific topic.
You can use the NOT operator in both unqualified searches and searches applied to a specific field. |
| Adjacency (ADJ) |
x y |
precolumbian mexico |
"an early art style of Precolumbian Mexico" |
|
The Adjacent operator (ADJ) retrieves records with search terms next to each other.You do not need to separate search terms manually by inserting ADJ between them, because when you separate terms with a space on the command line, Ovid automatically searches for the terms adjacent to one another. For example, the search blood pressure is identical to the search blood adj pressure. |
| Defined Adjacency (ADJn) |
x ADJn y |
precolumbian adj4 mexico |
"On the orientation of Precolumbian buildings in Central Mexico" |
|
The defined adjacency operator (ADJn) retrieves records that contain search terms within a specified number (n) of words from each other in any order. To use the adjacency operator, separate your search terms with ADJ and a number from 1 to 99. For example, the search physician adj5 relationship retrieves records that contain the words physician and relationship within five words of each other in either direction. This particular search retrieves records containing such phrases as physician patient relationship, patient physician relationship, or relationship of the physician to the patient. |
| Frequency (FREQ) |
x.ab./FREQ=n |
bronze.ab. /freq=3 |
"the production of a particular form of bronze" |
|
The frequency operator (FREQ) lets you specify a threshold of occurrence of a term in the records retrieved from your search. Records containing your search term are retrieved only if the term occurs at least the specified (n) number of times. In general, records that contain many instances of your search term are more relevant than records that contain fewer instances. The frequency operator is particularly useful when searching a text field, such as Abstract or Full Text, for a common word or phrase. |
| Unlimited Truncation ($) |
x$ |
rat$ |
"Age structure and the crime rate" |
|
Unlimited truncation retrieves all possible suffix variations of the root word indicated. To apply unlimited truncation to a term, type the root word or phrase followed by either of the truncation characters: $ (dollar sign) or : (colon). For example, in the truncated search disease$, Ovid retrieves the word disease as well as the words diseases, diseased, and more. |
| Limited Truncation ($) |
x$n |
dog$1 |
"Eating by stealth. A comparative study among cases of cat, dog, monkey" |
|
Limited truncation specifies a maximum number of characters that may follow the root word or phrase. For example, the truncated search dog$1 retrieves results with the words dog and dogs; but it does not retrieve results with the word dogma. |
| Mandated Wildcard (#) |
xx#y |
wom#n |
"Women dentists; careers and family" |
|
Searching with a mandated wildcard retrieves all possible variations of a word in which the wildcard is present in the specified place. You can use it at the end of a term to limit results to only those that contain the word plus the mandated character. For example, the search dog# retrieves results that contain the word dogs, but not those that contain the word dog, effectively limiting results to only those that contain the plural form of the word. The mandated wild card character (#) is also useful for retrieving specialized plural forms of a word. For example, the search wom#n retrieves results that contain both woman and women. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. |
| Optional Wildcard (?) |
xx?y |
colo?r |
"Color preferences, self-concept, and role expectations" |
|
The optional wild card character (?) can be used within or at the end of a search term to substitute for one or no characters. This wild card is useful for retrieving documents with British and American word variants since it specifies that you want retrieval whether or not the extra character is present. For example, the optional wild card search colo?r retrieves results that contain the words color or colour. You can use multiple wild cards in a single query word. |
| Literal String ("") |
"x / y" |
"Hot / Cold" |
"Hot-cold, wet-dry syndrome" |
| "n" |
"3".vo |
"Social research. 37(3) 1970, 428-446." |
|
Quotation marks can be used to retrieve records that contain literal strings,
when the string includes special characters, such as a forward slash (/).
Quotation marks can also be used to retrieve records that contain numbers
that may otherwise be confused for earlier searches. In the example, a
search for 3.vo would limit the string from your third search in your search
history to the volume field. By including the number in quotation marks,
the search will retrieve documents with a 3 in the volume number. |
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