Embase includes author-written abstracts when they are available. Approximately 60% of the citations in Embase include abstracts.

Individual words are indexed in the abstracts field. Enter a single word or phrase to be searched in the abstracts.

The Correspondence Address (AD) field contains the contact information associated with the authors of the document.

The Author Email (AE) field contains the email of the author/s. This field is word indexed.

All Fields (AF) is an alias for all of the fields which occur in the source documents, including value-added fields such as Abstract (AB).

The Accession Number (AN) field contains an identifier assigned in Embase to uniquely identify a particular record.

Author NameID (AO) field contains author's full name and its Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) unique identifier that may be supplied by the publisher for records added or updated beginning in early 2015.

The Associated PUI (AP) contains the Unique Identifier of an article that is covered in both Elsevier and MEDLINE, and merged together as one.

The Article Number (AR) consists of a fixed alphanumeric character string used in place of page numbers for electronic documents; it may also be used in addition to page numbers for printed documents.

This field, when present, is displayed as part of the Source (SO) field

The Author (AU) field contains the list of authors associated with the article. The format for authors is last name followed by one or more initials: Smith JC or Smith J. If a single initial could not be transliterated with one letter, two or more letters may be used. Occasionally a name will include the full first name.

Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name (macdonald or mcdonald), enter one version and then scroll through the list of names to find the other.

The Parent Book Title (BK) field contains the title of the parent book in which the record appears.

The Book Series (BS) field contains information relating to the series title of the document as it appears with the publication.

The Book Series field displays in the Source (SO) field.

The Book Title (BT) field contains information relating to the original title and subtitle of the document as it appears with the publication.

The Book Title field displays in the Source (SO) field.

The CODEN (CD) field contains a journal CODEN. Journal CODENS are 5-digit codes such as "AJDCA" which uniquely identify a journal title.

The Conference End Date (CE) field contains the end date information of the conference event.

The Conference Information (CF) field contains supplementary information about a conference event such as location, and/or conference publication containing information about the conference proceeding that publishes the conference presentations. Conference information usually is displayed as part of the Source (SO).

Individual words are indexed in the CF field; enter a single descriptive word such as "japan".

The Conference Publication (CG) field contains information about the conference proceeding that publishes the conference presentations. Conference publication usually is displayed as part of the Source (SO)

The Conference Location (CK) field contains the venue where the conference event was held.

The Clinical Trial Number (CN) field contains the clinical trial number associated with the record.

The Collaboration (CO) field contains the names of collaborators associated with the article.

The Country of Publication (CP) field contains the full name of the country in which a journal was published (such as United States).

The country name is entered into the index as a phrase.

The Conference Paper Count (CQ) field contains information about the paper count of the conference proceeding.

The Copyright (CR) field contains the copyright information associated with an article.

The Conference Start Date (CS) field contains the starting date information of the conference event.

The Conference Editor (CW) field contains the list of editors associated with the conference proceeding.

The Contributors (CZ) field contains the name and e-mail address of a contributor to the document (e.g. an author, editor, illustrator etc.).

The Published Article DOI (VR) field contains the Digital Object Identifier for the version of the article when it is accepted and published by a journal.

You can search the VR field by entering either the DOI prefix ("10.1097".vr.) or the entire DOI value in straight quotes ("10.1097/JOM.0000000000002500".vr.).

The Date Created (DC) field contains the date of the last activity on the citation before creation of an XML file for delivery to Ovid. The date is loaded from the Elsevier XML element <date-created>.

This date is not static and can change if an updated record is delivered to Ovid.

The Date Delivered (DD) field contains the date the citation XML file is created for delivery to Ovid and has a state="new". The date is loaded from the Elsevier XML element "date-delivered".

This date is not static and can change if an updated record is delivered to Ovid.

The Candidate Terms (DJ) field is a new concept which is not in Emtree and was proposed during indexing because it was judged to be a useful addition to Emtree. This field is also indexed in the Subject Headings (SH) field.

Over 100,000 candidate terms are proposed each year, and the separate Candidate Terms (DJ) field therefore allows for identification of candidate terms. Please note candidate terms will not be picked up when mapping, and will not be available when browsing Emtree. Keywords searches (.mp) however will automatically pick up candidate terms from the Heading Word (HW) field.

The Device Manufacturer (DM) field contains the full name of the manufacturer of a drug or device discussed in an article. Manufacturer names are listed in their brief form, for example, Lilly for "Eli Lilly."

View the index to see all Device Manufacturer names. See " Display and Browse Indexes" in the Ovid Online Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

The DOI (DO) field contains the Digital Object Identifier - a unique and persistent digital identification code for any object of intellectual property. The DOI itself consists of two parts: a prefix which is assigned to each publisher by the administrative DOI agency, e.g., "10.3961", and a suffix which is assigned by the publisher and can be any code that the publisher chooses, e.g., "jpmph.2009.42.4.209". The full DOI appears as such: "10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.4.209"

You can search the DO field by entering either the prefix in quotes ("10.3961".do.) or the entire DOI value in quotes ("10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.4.209".do.).

The Date of Publication (DP) field contains the date captured as it is found in the source pdf or xml.This field is usually displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.

It is searchable either structured in the format of DD MMM YYYY (Example: 23 FEB 2002) or unstructured (Example: Winter 2009 or apr 2009).

The Candidate Term Word (DQ) is a word indexed version of Candidate Terms (DJ) in which the ADJ (adjacency) function can be utilized.

The Drug Index Terms (DU) field contains index terms used for all drugs and chemicals: not only therapeutic drugs, but also endogenous compounds, laboratory chemicals and environmental chemicals or toxins.
It is important to realise that "drugs" as defined in Embase may refer to any chemical entity.

Index terms can either be manual or machine indexed. For Conference Abstracts the index terms are always machine indexed. For Embase/MEDLINE records it depends on the stage of indexing (Article in Press, Publisher, in-Process etc). For this reason a [m] suffix, e.g. ofloxacin [m]; will be added indicating when a term was derived by machine indexing. Typically status Embase and status PubMed/MEDLINE records are derived from manual indexing and will not have the [m] suffix.

The Device Trade Name (DV) field contains the medical device trade names assigned to the records.

View the index to see all Device Trade Names. See "Display and Browse Indexes" in the Ovid Online Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

The Drug Index Terms Word (DY) is a word indexed version of Drug Index Terms (DU) in which the ADJ (adjacency) function can be utilized.

In addition to assigning index terms, indexers also classify articles to Embase section headings or classifications (e.g. Cancer or Surgery).

Each article is assigned to at least one such section heading. Normally, an article gets assigned to not more than five or six section headings.

Search tip: to find information on AIDS in the context of public health/epidemiology, limit your search on AIDS using Embase section heading 17 (Public health, social medicine and epidemiology).

The Editor (ED) field contains the list of editors associated with the article.

The format for editors is last name followed by one or more initials: Smith JC or Smith J. If a single initial could not be transliterated with one letter, two or more letters may be used. Occasionally a name will include the full first name. The Editor field is phrase indexed.

Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name and first initial.

The Electronic ISSN (EN) field contains the electronic International Standard Serial Number (eISSN) for the journal in which the article was published.

Each journal may have an ISSN, an eISSN, or both. However when there is only an eISSN available it is searchable in the ISSN index and displays in the Electronic ISSN (EN) field.

Like the ISSN (IS), it appears as an 8-digit number, separated by a hyphen: 1089-4098.

The Embase Accession Number (EU) field contains the old Accession Number (AN) assigned in Embase to uniquely identify a particular record. This data will no longer be supplied after January 1, 2018.

The Enzyme Commission Number (EZ) field contains the enzyme name with corresponding Enzyme Commission number.

Enzyme Commission Numbers appear and are searched with dot (3.4.22.32).

The Figure Information (FI) field contains information about the content of the source document, such as the number of figures, photographs, tables, maps, CD-ROMs, the presence of an index and the number of references.

Subheadings, or "link terms" are qualifiers added to EMTREE subject headings to refine their meaning. Terms such as "adverse drug reaction" or "drug toxicity", when combined with an EMTREE term, give a very precise idea of what an article covers.

The Floating Subheadings (FS) field contains the 2-letter link terms, such as "AN" for drug analysis.

Sometimes you may wish to retrieve every Floating Subheading that includes a particular word; this is done by searching the single word in the Floating Subheading Word (FX) field.

The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) for a book or monographic publication.

The ISBN (IB) field appears as a 10-digit number and may contain 13-digit number if available.

The Institution (IN) field contains all author's affiliations, which is usually the source for a reprint of the article.

This information is not standardized and often contains abbreviations. Enter the single most descriptive word in an institution (harvard, not university). Consider both full spellings and abbreviations.

The Issue Part (IP) field contains the Issue and/or part for a particular volume of a journal.

The IP field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

When only the Electronic ISSN is available, it will now display in this field followed by the word ‘(electronic)’.

The Journal Issue (JI) field contains the title of an individual journal issue.

The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which an article was published.

View the index to see all journal names. See "Display and Browse Indexes" in the Ovid Online Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Journal Word (JX) field contains individual words from every journal name in Embase.

The Keyword Heading Word (KF) index allows you to retrieve every Keyword Headings defined by the authors that include a particular word. Do this by searching a single word in the Keyword Heading Word (KF) field.

The Keyword Heading (KW) field contains keywords defined by the author of the article. To retrieve every Keyword Heading that includes a particular word, search for the word in the Keyword Heading Word (KF) index.

The Language (LG) field contains the language(s) of publication of an article. The language name will appear as the full language name.

For a spelled-out list of languages, refer to the Languages Limit menu or view the index. See "Display and Browse Indexes" in the Ovid Online Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

The Local Holdings (LH) field indicates (with a "Y" for "Yes" or an "N" for "No") if a journal is held at your library or institution. This information is designated by your OVID System Administrator.

The Local Messages (LM) field contains messages created by the System Administrator to indicate information about journals held in your local library system.

The Drug Manufacturer (MF) field contains the full name of the manufacturer of a drug or device discussed in an article. Manufacturer names are listed in their brief form, for example, Lilly for "Eli Lilly."

View the index to see all Drug Manufacturer names. See "Display and Browse Indexes" in the Ovid Online Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

The Molecular Sequence Number (MS) field contains an acronym for a source of molecular sequence data (for example, Genbank) and a sequence accession number documented by the source.

The Device Index Terms (MV) field contains index terms used for general and medical devices. Emtree contains over 3,000 specific device terms (e.g., endoscopes, catheters, prostheses).

The Device Index Terms Word (MY) is a word indexed version of Device Index Terms (MV) in which the ADJ (adjacency) function can be utilized.

The Conference Name (NC) field contains the name of the conference event.

The Retraction Notice (NE) field determines the status of the erratum record. When a retraction notice is received, this indicates that the Publisher announced that this article is no longer a valid article, and the Embase record is updated accordingly.

The Number of References (NR) field contains the number of references that appear at the end of the document.

The NLM Status (NS) field contains the status of the citation. In-Data-Review records have passed the first step in quality control and will either be reissued as In-process records or go directly to PubMed-not-MEDLINE as the final record status.

In-Process records are electronically submitted and have gone through the second citation-level review.

Medline records have passed all steps in quality control and have been indexed.

Publisher records are non-MEDLINE records in Publisher Status in PubMed contain the notation [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] in the PubMed display. These citations are electronically submitted for articles that appear on the Web in advance of the journal issue's release (i.e., ahead of print citations). Following publication of the completed issue, the item will be queued for issue level review and released in In-Data-Review status.

PubMed-not-MEDLINE records have gone through the second citation-level review, but are from non-Medline journals or precede the date a journal was selected for MEDLINE indexing but are now being submitted for inclusion.

Records will have an Embase Status (ST), or a NLM Status (NS). Please note that records recently added to the database can have an Article-in-Press (ST) status as well as a Publisher (NS) status at the same time. As Embase records progress their indexing for Embase they will only have 1 status type (ST or NS).

The Other Index Terms (OD) field contains all Emtree terms that are not drugs or chemicals, and include terms from all 13 Emtree facets other than "chemicals and drugs".
They are distinguished from drug terms in that the latter are indexed in greater depth.

Index terms can either be manual or machine indexed. For Conference Abstracts the index terms are always machine indexed. For Embase/MEDLINE records it depends on the stage of indexing (Article in Press, Publisher, in-Process etc). For this reason a [m] suffix, e.g. ofloxacin [m]; will be added indicating when a term was derived by machine indexing. Typically status Embase and status PubMed/MEDLINE records are derived from manual indexing and will not have the [m] suffix.

The Original Title (OT) field contains all non-English titles in the original language. If the original title was in a non-Roman alphabet, then the OT is transliterated.

Omit common articles when searching a foreign language: heure not l'heure.

The Other Index Terms Word (OX) is a word indexed version of Other Index Terms (OD) in which the ADJ (adjacency) function can be utilized.

The Part Number field (PA) contains the part number for a particular journal. The PA field usually displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Publisher (PB) field contains the name and optionally the address of the publisher for Journal, Book, Conference Proceeding, Report, Major Reference Work, Book Series or Trade Journal.

Enter the most distinctive part of a name to locate a publisher, for example: "elsevier".

The Publisher Copyright (PC) index contains publisher information and it will display at the end of Abstract (AB) field if available.

The Publisher Copyright (PC) is word indexed.

The first page on which an article appears is indexed in the Page (PG) field. Often a journal title combined with the beginning page number is enough to locate a citation.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Preferred Journal Name (PJ) field contains the preferred name of the journal in which an article was published.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field, but will only be displayed if the Journal Name (JN) is not available.

The PMID (PM) field contains the unique identifier assigned to a record when it is created by PubMed.

The Publication Type (PT) field contains one of the following indicating the form of the literature indexed.

The Publication Type is also available as a limit.

The Revised Date (RD) field contains the date the citation XML file is created for delivery to Ovid and has a state="update". The date is loaded from the Elsevier XML element <date-delivered>.

This date is not static and can change if an updated record is delivered to Ovid.

The CAS Registry Number (RN) field contains the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number in an association with chemical name for a compound mentioned in an article.

CAS Registry Number (RN) field are indexed by numbers and/or chemical names. Numbers appear and are searched with hyphens (e.g.50-07-0) and chemical names should be entered as phrase as they appear in the CAS Registry Number display (e.g. squalene monooxygenase).

The Embase Subject Headings (SH) field contains the Subject Headings used by the Embase indexers to describe the content of an article. These Subject Headings are organized in a hierarchy, which is called Emtree.

Embase Subject Headings are entered into the index as phrases, and should be searched as they appear in our Thesaurus display.

The Indexing Status (SI) field indicate whether the indexing is:
(type 17) machine-generated
(type 8) manual

The indexing of the record is:
(status 001) in process
(status 002) final

Combining this with the Status (ST) information this allows you to recognize the status of the entire article.
So for instance: a record with enhancement type="17" status="001" is an In-Process article

Indexing Status: Enhancement type="17" status="001"

The Summary Language (SL) field contains the language or languages in which the abstract is written.

The summary language name appears in the index as the full language name (french). See "Display and Browse Indexes" in the Ovid Online Help for details on viewing and using a field index

The Source (SO) field includes a display of all basic information needed to locate a citation, may contain the Journal Abbreviation, Journal Name, Preferred Journal Name, Book Title, Book Series, Conference Information, Part Number, Vol/Issue, Pagination, Year of Publication, Article Number and Date of Publication.

The Status (ST) field contains the record status of the citation. It can be Conference Abstract, Article-in-Press, In-Process, or Embase record.

Conference Abstract: Abstracts of presentations provided during important biomedical, drug and medical device conferences dating back to 2009. Conference abstracts are published primarily in journal supplements from
journals that are selected for Embase. The source title usually includes words like proceeding(s), meeting(s), conference(s), symposium/symposia, seminar(s) or workshop(s), although some journals also include
proceeding(s) in the title.
Article in Press: Articles that have been accepted for publication but which have not been formally published and will not always have the complete volume/issue/page information yet. “Articles-in-Press” (AiP) are made
available in Embase within a few days after online publication, may lack full bibliographic detail, and an automated procedure is used to provide a provisional index of Emtree Subject headings for Article-in-press records.
The average time it takes before an AiP becomes a published article in a specific issue, can vary from weeks to months.
In-Process: In-Process records overwrite the AiP records, but they have not yet been fully manually indexed. Most documents proceed from an In-process state to a full Embase document, but if an article in press is never
formally published, it will remain in this status.
Embase: Embase status refers to fully indexed Embase records with Emtree subject headings and may have subheadings where applicable for drug, diseases and medical devices. They are indexed by subject matter
experts, and approximately 40,000 records with status Embase are added to Embase each week.

Note: Conference Abstracts, Article in Press and In-Process status records are automatically indexed with Emtree terms selected by an algorithm that is applied to the text of the titles, abstracts and author keywords. Automatically indexed Emtree does not have subheadings.

Records will either have an Embase Status (ST), or a NLM Status (NS). Please note that records recently added to the database can have Article-in-Press (ST) status as well as Publisher (NS) status at the same time. As Embase
records progress their indexing for Embase they will only have 1 status type (ST or NS).

The Source Type (SU) field contains one of the following information about the source type of the document.

Book
Book Series
Conference Proceeding
Journal
Multi-volume Reference Works
Preprint Archive (unpublished, non-peer reviewed)
Report Trade Journal

The Title (TI) field contains the English language version of a title. For documents which are not written in English, the original or transliterated title appears in a separate field, Original Title (OT).

The Journal Translated Name (TJ) field contains the translated title of an individual journal issue.

The Drug Trade Name (TN) field contains the trade name for a drug or device discussed in an article.

View the index to see all Drug Trade Names. See Display and Browse Indexes in the Ovid Online Help for details on viewing and using a field index.

The Textword (TW) field is an alias for all of the fields in a database which contain text words and which are appropriate for a subject search.

The Textword field in Embase includes Title (TI), Abstract (AB), and Drug Trade Name (TN).

The Volume (VO) field consists of the volume of a serial publication.

This field is usually displayed as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Triple Subheading (XT) field contains key subheadings that include three level indexing. In consists of a main term, key subheading and a linked term. Triple indexing started in 2007 for drugs, 2009 for drug therapy and 2014 for devices.

The relationship between drugs, diseases or devices and their associated events, can be seen in individual results and can be used to search or get an overview of all linked terms. The field is phrase indexed and therefore the ADJ (adjacency) will NOT work correctly, please use Triple Subheading Word (XW).

Example:
Ranitidine / adverse drug reaction / skin allergy
skin allergy / side effect / Ranitidine

The Triple Subheading Word (XW) is a word indexed version of Triple Subheading (XT) in which the ADJ (adjacency) function can be utilized.

The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the year in which an article or monograph was published. The full year appears in the document and can be searched using a single 4-digit number.

Year of Publication (YR) field also displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

A limit to Experimental Subjects will restrict retrieval to various specific animal types used as experimental subjects.