Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in the Abstract field, but are not searchable and will not appear in the Abstract index.

Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and then the first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name, enter one version and you will be able to view the index of names to find another.

For publications added after February 2005, records contains up to six authors. Articles having more than six authors are indexed under the first listed author, followed by "et al." Records indexed prior to the February 2005 update contain up to three authors.

The Availability (AV) field includes the URL of the publisher or of the full-text online, or the name of the document supplier.

The Book (BK) field includes a display of the Book Title (BT), Book Publishing Information (RP), Reviewed Book Publication Date (RD), Previously Published Date (CP).

The Book Title (BT) field contains the title of the book being reviewed.

The Subject Codes (CC) are from the JEL classification system--the worldwide standard for classifying economics research. The JEL system originated with the Journal of Economic Literature. For more information, see www.aeaweb.org/econlit/jelCodes.php.

It is possible to use wildcards when searching, e.g., "A2$" or "A2*" will retrieve all records containing any subject code beginning with "A2."

Post-1991 classification system uses 3-character alphanumeric codes, e.g., "C13."

Pre-1991 classification system uses 4-digit numeric codes, e.g., "0322."

Pre-1969 classification system uses a decimal system.

The Previously Published Date (CP) field contains the previous copyright date for an item that has been reprinted/reissued.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Country as Subject (CT) field contains the name of a country or geographic area greater than a country (sometimes abbreviated) that applies to the document.

The Festschrift Honorees (FS) field contains the names of honorees. The format for Festschrift Honoree is the same as for Author - last name followed by first and middle names or initials. Enter a last name and one initial if known.

The Regional Interest (GR) field. Contains seven continents only: Africa; Antarctica; Asia; Europe; Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern America; Oceania.

The Heading Word (HW) field allows you to search using all Subject Headings (SH) containing a particular word.

The postings for a particular Heading Word will include all postings which would be obtained by searching every Subject Heading containing that word.

The ISBN (IB) field contains the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) for monographs.

The ISBN field is applied to collective volume articles. All articles available from a collective volume can be retrieved easily using the ISBN.

When searching the IB field, enter the complete ISBN number without spaces or dashes.

For example: 9001030831.ib.

The Institution (IN) field contains the institution with which the authors are affiliated.

If there is more than one author, more than one institution will be listed. The institutions are listed in the Institution field in the same order as the authors in the Author field.

The ISSN (IS) field contains the International Serial Standard Number (ISSN) for the journal in which an article was published.

It appears as an eight-digit number, separated by a hyphen: 0570-1864.

The Journal Name (JN) field contains the full name of the journal in which the article was published.

Journal names are indexed as phrases, so enter enough letters of the journal name to locate the name in the index: accounting rev for Accounting Review.

Stopwords such as "of" ARE included in the JN index, but when "the" is the first word of a journal, it has been stripped. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Journal Word (JX) Field contains individual words from every journal name in EconLit.

This field is used to retrieve every occurrence of a journal which includes a particular word such as "economy." Stopwords such as "of" ARE included in the JN index, but when "the" is the first word of a journal, it has been stripped. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The Language (LG) field contains the language of the document.

The Publisher (PB) field contains the publisher and publisher location, as well as series and edition information for books, collective volume articles, working papers, and dissertations.

The Pagination (PG) field contains the beginning and ending page numbers of articles and book reviews. For Books (but not the book being reviewed), includes ending page numbers of front matter and text; for working papers, refers to number of pages.

This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.

The format for Personal Name is the same as for Author - last name followed by first and middle names or initials: Wallace Phyllis A or Keynes John Manyard. Enter a last name and one initial if known.

The Publication Type (PT) field contains the type of document that the record describes. All records in the database are assigned one of the following publication type designations:

The Reviewed Author (RA) field contains the author of a reviewed work.

The author names are indexed in the format of last name followed by first and middle names or initials. Thus, a person named Roger Douglas Blair could appear as Blair R. D., Blair Roger Douglas, Blair Roger D, or Blair R.

Enter the last name, or if it is a common name, enter the last name, a space, and then the first initial. If you are unsure of the spelling of the last name, enter one version and you will be able to scroll through the list of names to find another.

The Cited References (RF) section of Book Reviews is available in EconLit when the Full Text of Book Reviews is also provided.

The Reference index contains all searchable words from the references.

The Book Publishing Information (RP) field contains publisher, publisher location, edition, series, other editors, translators, and so on, of the book being reviewed.

Enter the term that you are interested in and scroll the index to view and select multiple terms.

The Supplementary Material (SM) field contains the link to the full text of the supplementary material associated with a record.

The Source (SO) field includes a display of all the basic information needed to locate a citation, including the full Journal Name or Monograph Publisher, the Vol/Issue, pagination and year of publication.

The Source Title (ST) field contains the title of the Collective Volume in which a Collective Volume Article appears.

The Title (TI) field contains the title of the journal article, book in review, book, dissertation, article within a collective volume, or working paper.

Stopwords such as "of" or "the" will display in documents but do not appear in the Title index. However, the word "a," which is a stopword in other fields, can be searched in titles.

The Text Word (TW) field is an alias for all of the fields in a database which contain text words and which are appropriate for a free-text subject search.

The Text Word field in EconLit includes the Title (TI), Abstract (AB), and Full Text of Book Review (TX).

The Full Text of Book Review (TX) is available for all documents with the publication type of book review.

The full text index contains all searchable words from the text. Stopwords, such as "the" and "of" are not searchable.

The Update Code (UP) field contains an eight digit code (YYYYMMDD) indicating when the data was entered into the database.

The Year of Publication (YR) field contains the four digit year in which a document was published. This field displays as part of the Source (SO) field.